Hebrew Flashcards
א
אָלֶף
aleph
ʔ
The glottal stop or glottal plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages, produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract or, more precisely, the glottis. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʔ⟩.
ב
Bet with the dagesh
When the Bet appears as בּ with a “dot” in its center, known as a dagesh, then it represents /b/. There are various rules in Hebrew grammar that stipulate when and why a dagesh is used.
Bet without the dagesh (Vet)
In Ktiv menuqad spelling, which uses diacritics, when the letter appears as ב without the dagesh (“dot”) in its center it represents a voiced labiodental fricative: /v/. In Ktiv hasar niqqud spelling, without diacritics, the letter without the dot may represent either phoneme.
דָּג
The word for fish in Hebrew, dag. The only vowel (under Dalet, the two perpendicular lines) is a qamatz.
Kamatz or qamatz (Modern Hebrew: קָמָץ, IPA: [kaˈmats]; alternatively קָמֶץ qāmeṣ) is a Hebrew niqqud (vowel) sign represented by two perpendicular lines (looking like an uppercase T) ⟨ ָ ⟩ underneath a letter. In modern Hebrew, it usually indicates the phoneme /a/ which is the “a” sound in the word spa and is transliterated as a.
בֿ
פֿיש
The word for fish in Yiddish, fish. The first diacritic (the line over the pei) is a rafe.
In Hebrew orthography the rafe or raphe (Hebrew: רָפֶה, pronounced [ʁaˈfe], meaning “weak, limp”) is a diacritic (⟨◌ֿ⟩), a subtle horizontal overbar placed above certain letters to indicate that they are to be pronounced as fricatives.
Hebrew Alphabet
Keys to success:
Memorise the letters of the alphabet so you can write them out as fast as you can write your ABCs
memorise the names of letters so you can see them as fast as you can write your ABCs
do not underestimate the value of knowing the alphabet as well as you know your own name.
יְהֹוָה
yeh-ho-vaw’}
יְהֹוָה from הָיָה; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of God: Jehovah, the Lord. Compare יָהּ, יְהֹוִה.
Used 5268 times in the Bible.
(2) וְנַחֲלָ֥ה לֹא־ יִֽהְיֶה־ בְּקֶ֣רֶב אֶחָ֑יו יְהוָה֙ ה֣וּא נַחֲלָתֹ֔ו כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּר Deut 18:2
נַחֲלָה
nakh-al-aw’}
נַחֲלָה from נָחַל (in its usual sense); properly, something inherited, i.e. (abstractly) occupancy, or (concretely) an heirloom; generally an estate, patrimony or portion: heritage, to inherit, inheritance, possession. Compare נַ֫חַל.
Used 191 times in the Bible
(2) וְנַחֲלָ֥ה לֹא־ יִֽהְיֶה־ בְּקֶ֣רֶב אֶחָ֑יו יְהוָה֙ ה֣וּא נַחֲלָתֹ֔ו כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּר
צִיּוֹן
tsee-yone’}
צִיּוֹן the same (regularly) as צִיּוּן; Tsijon (as a permanent capital), a mountain of Jerusalem: Zion.
Used 152 times in the Bible
לְמַ֤עַן צִיּוֹן֙ לֹ֣א אֶחֱשֶׁ֔ה וּלְמַ֥עַן יְרֽוּשָׁלַ֖ם לֹ֣א אֶשְׁק֑וֹט עַד־יֵצֵ֤א כַנֹּ֨גַהּ֙ צִדְקָ֔הּ וִישׁוּעָתָ֖הּ כְּלַפִּ֥יד יִבְעָֽר:
הָלַל
{haw-lal’}
הָלַל a primitive root; to be clear (orig. of sound, but usually of color); to shine; hence, to make a show, to boast; and thus to be (clamorously) foolish; to rave; causatively, to celebrate; also to stultify: (make) boast (self), celebrate, commend, (deal, make), fool(- ish,
יָ֨הּ
yaw}
יָהּ contraction for יְהֹוָה, and meaning the same; Jah, the sacred name: Jah, the Lord, most vehement. Compare names in “-iah,” “- jah.”
מוּל
mool}
מוּל a primitive root; to cut short, i.e. curtail (specifically the prepuce, i.e. to circumcise);
חֲנֻכָּה
) is a Jewish festival commemorating the recovery of Jerusalem and subsequent rededication of the Second Temple at the beginning of the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid Empire in the 2nd century BCE.
Cantillation
Hebrew cantillation, trope, trop, or te’amim is the manner of chanting ritual readings from the Hebrew Bible in synagogue services. The chants are written and notated in accordance with the special signs or marks printed in the Masoretic Text of the Bible, to complement the letters and vowel points.
פַּשְׁטָא
pashta ֙
Pashta (Hebrew: פַּשְׁטָא) is a common cantillation mark found in the Torah, Haftarah, and other books of the Hebrew Bible. It is part of the Katan group. Its mark symbol is identical to that of the Kadma.
אָלֶף־בֵּית עִבְרִי,
The Hebrew alphabet (Hebrew: אָלֶף־בֵּית עִבְרִי,[a] Alefbet ivri), known variously by scholars as the Ktav Ashuri, Jewish script, square script and block script, is traditionally an abjad script used in the writing of the Hebrew language and other Jewish languages, most notably Yiddish, Ladino, Judeo-Arabic, and Judeo-Persian.
פ
f] פֵא, פֵה /fe/, /fej/ /fɛɪ/ /fe/ f as in full
The letter Pe is one of the six letters which can receive a Dagesh Kal. The six are Bet, Gimel, Daleth, Kaph, Pe, and Tav.
Note: The sole difference between the letter Pey and the letter Fey is the presence or absence of the dot in the middle of the letter (called a dagesh mark). When you see the dot in the middle of this letter, pronounce it as a “p”; otherwise, pronounce it as “ph” (or “f”).
פּ
פּ [p] Pe פֵּא, פֵּה /pe/, /pej/ /pɛɪ/ /pe/ p as in pool
ף
Final form of pe
Pronounced as f
דגש קל
A dagesh kal or dagesh qal (דגש קל, or דגש קשיין, also dagesh lene, weak/light dagesh) may be placed inside the consonants ב bet, ג gimel, ד dalet, כ kaf, פ pe and ת tav. They each have two sounds, the original hard plosive sound (which originally contained no dagesh as it was the only pronunciation), and a soft fricative version produced as such for speech efficiency because of the position in which the mouth is left immediately after a vowel has been produced.
