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ET118 > Phonetics > Flashcards

Phonetics Flashcards

1
Q

What is Fundamental frequency?

A

the rate of vocal cord vibration, measured in F0

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2
Q

What is involved in the Supraglottal System?

A

Nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx

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3
Q

Who has a narrower larynx and what does it cause?

A

Women and children, creates higher pitched voices

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4
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

the muscle-lined space that connects the nose and mouth to the larynx and oesophagus

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5
Q

What is the larynx?

A

The voice box, formed of cartilage

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6
Q

What is the Adam’s apple?

A

Where the front of the larynx comes to a point

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7
Q

What is the glottis?

A

the middle part of the larynx where the vocal cords are found

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8
Q

What is involved in the Supralaryngeal system?

A

all articulators found above the larynx

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9
Q

What is involved in the Subglottal system?

A

The trachea and the lungs

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10
Q

What are the primary and secondary functions of the mouth/throat?

A

Primary: breathing/eating
Secondary: speech

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11
Q

What is involved in the Speech chain? (5 points)

A
  1. Thinking what you want to say
  2. Sensory motor nerves allowing production
  3. Sound waves produced
  4. Travels to the ear of the receiver
  5. Receiver’s brain processes waves
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12
Q

What does VPM stand for?

A

V - Voicing
P - Place of articulation
M - Manner of articulation

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13
Q

What does aspirated mean?

A

Sound produces a puff of air, Only aspirated in English if it starts the word, P in Pin

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14
Q

What does unaspirated mean?

A

Sound does not produce a puff of air, P in Spit

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15
Q

What is a voiced sound? Give an example of an unvoiced sound

A

A sound that is caused through the vibration of the vocal cords, whispering causes all sounds to be unvoiced

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16
Q

What does Bilabial mean?

A

Sound is produced with both lips, P in Push

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17
Q

What does Labiodental mean?

A

Sound is produced with lips and teeth, F in Fish

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18
Q

What does Interdental mean?

A

Sound produced with tongue between the teeth, TH in Thick

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19
Q

What does Alveolar mean?

A

Sound is produced with the tongue against the back of the top teeth, N in Nose

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20
Q

What does Postalveolar mean?

A

Sound is produced with the tongue towards the roof of the mouth, SH in Shoe

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21
Q

What does Palatal mean?

A

Sound is produced with the tongue against the hard palate, Y in Yes (only palatal consonant in English)

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22
Q

What does Velar mean?

A

Sound is produced with the tongue against the soft palate, G in Gum

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23
Q

What does glottal mean?

A

Sound is produced by adjusting the airflow used as a consonant, H in House or any glottal stops

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24
Q

What does Retroflex mean?

A

Sounds produced by curving the tip of the tongue towards the roof of the mouth but not touching it, doesn’t exist in English

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25
What does Subapical mean?
Sound is produced when the underside of the tongue touches the roof of the mouth, doesn't exist in English
26
What does Uvular mean?
Sound is produced with the tongue near or against the uvula, doesn't exist in English
27
What is an Oral/Nasal Stop / Plosive?
Air is released after a short stop, T in talk or N in Nose
28
What is a fricative?
Air is released as the articulators create friction, TH in Thick
29
What are the 4 types of approximants?
1. Central: R in Red 2. Lateral: L in love 3. Liquids: lateral approximants and r-type sounds 4. Glides: semi-vowels, Y in Yes
30
What is a Tap/Trill
Sound is produced by tongue repeating motion against the alveolar ridge, uses full closure but shorter than a plosive, T in American English Butter
31
What are homorganic sounds?
Sounds produced in the same part of the mouth
32
What are affricates?
Sounds that begin as plosives but are released as fricatives, done in phases but marked as one sound, plosive and fricative must be homorganic, CH in church or J in Jug
33
What is a Strident?
Sound produced by funnelling air past back of the teeth, usually fricative or affricate, S or SH sounds
34
List passive articulators
upper lip, upper teeth, alveolar ridge, hard palate
35
List active articulators
lower lip, tongue
36
List the parts of the tongue
Apex/tip, blade, front, back, root
37
How do sounds appear in linguistic notation?
[in square brackets]
38
What does Pulmonic egressive mean?
Lungs are being used to expel air, includes all vowels in English
39
What does Glottalic egressive mean?
Sound is produced without lungs, aspirated stops in Navajo
40
What does Velaric ingressive mean?
sound is produced by closing the vocal tract at two places of articulation in the mouth, creates clicks
41
What are the 4 criteria for vowel classification?
1. Tongue height: high, mid, low 2. Tongue anteriority: front, central, back 3. Lip rounding: rounded, unrounded, spread 4. Length/Tenseness
42
What is a monophthong?
an individual vowel sound
43
What is a diphthong?
sequence of 2 vowel sounds together, can be Raising (face/price) or Centring (near/fare)
44
When are vowels nasalised?
When they appear before a nasal consonant in the same syllable
45
How is vowel nasalisation marked in phonetic transcription?
With a tilde ~ over the letter
46
What is a Non-continuant?
Sound where the air flow through the oral cavity is obstructed, includes oral/nasal stops and affricates
47
What is an obstruent?
a non-nasal stop, fricative, or affricate with full or partial obstruction of the airstream
48
What is a Sonorant?
A sound that is not an obstruent, vowels/nasal stops/liquids/glides, because the air resonates
49
Give 4 examples of Consonantal subclasses
1. Labials: using lips 2. Coronals: raising tongue blade 3. Anteriors: alveolar area and forward 4. Sibilants: friction hissing sound
50
what is the manner and place of articulation for [p]?
voiced plosive, bilabial stop
51
what is the manner and place of articulation for [b]?
voiced, plosive, bilabial stop
52
what is the manner and place of articulation for [t]?
voiceless, plosive, alveolar stop
53
what is the manner and place of articulation for [d]?
voiced, plosive, alveolar stop
54
what is the manner and place of articulation for [m]?
voiced, nasal, bilabial stop
55
what is the manner and place of articulation for [n]?
voiced, nasal, alveolar stop
56
what is the manner and place of articulation for [k]?
voiceless, plosive, velar stop
57
what is the manner and place of articulation for [g]?
voiced, plosive, velar stop
58
what is the manner and place of articulation for [ŋ]?
voiced, nasal, velar stop
59
what is the manner and place of articulation for [t͡ʃ]?
voiceless, palato-alveolar affricate
60
what is the manner and place of articulation for [d͡ʒ]?
voiced, alveolar affricate
61
what is the manner and place of articulation for [ʔ]?
voiceless, plosive, glottal stop
62
what is the manner and place of articulation for [f]?
voiceless, labiodental fricative
63
what is the manner and place of articulation for [v]?
voiced, labiodental fricative
64
what is the manner and place of articulation for [θ]?
voiceless, interdental fricative
65
what is the manner and place of articulation for [ð]?
voiced, interdental fricative
66
what is the manner and place of articulation for [s]?
voiceless, alveolar fricative
67
what is the manner and place of articulation for [z]?
voiced, alveolar fricative
68
what is the manner and place of articulation for [ʃ]?
voiceless, post-alveolar fricative
69
what is the manner and place of articulation for [ʒ]?
voiced, palatal fricative
70
what is the manner and place of articulation for [x]?
voiceless, velar fricative
71
what is the manner and place of articulation for [ɣ]?
voiced, velar fricative
72
what is the manner and place of articulation for [h]?
voiceless, glottal fricative
73
what is the manner and place of articulation for [l]?
voiced, alveolar, lateral approximant/liquid
74
what is the manner and place of articulation for [r]?
voiced, alveolar, approximant/trill
75
what is the manner and place of articulation for [j]?
voiceless, palatal glide/approximant
76
what is the manner and place of articulation for [w]?
voiced, labiovelar glide, approximant
77
what is the manner and place of articulation for [ʀ]?
voiced, uvular trill

ET118 (6 decks)

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