Introduction to Language Flashcards
What is linguistic competence?
mostly subconscious knowledge of rule systems
What is linguistic performance
use of linguistic competence, comprehension of language
What factors affect language v dialect
- Mutual intelligibility, this can be seen on a continuum, it can be one sided/not mutual
- Socio political and ethnic factors, you cannot isolate and tidily box up a language, can imply a linguistic hierarchy e.g., is Australian English a dialect of British English?
What are Hockett’s …..?
What are examples of performance errors?
unfinished words, mispronunciation, false starts
Give examples of how language contact arises
- conquest/colonialisation
- globalisation/commerce and media
- education
- official language/politics
- migration
What are the outcomes of language contact?
- multilingualism
- language shift and death
- language change/borrowing
- language birth, pidgins/creoles
what is multilingualism?
ability to produce meaningful utterances in other languages, individual or societal (it’s the norm)
What is a diglossia?
2 varieties of language existing side by side in a speech community, differing levels of prestige/usage
what is code-switching?
switching or mixing codes, can be for solidarity/accommodation/prestige
what is matter replication? (loan words)
direct replication of morphemes and phonological shapes from a source language , sometimes to fill a lexical gap
What are loan translations/calques?
copies a pattern of the source, but not the form, example would be skyscraper from the german
What is a pidgin?
Superstrate (dominant language group) vs Substrate (the indigenous language)
what is a creole?
pidgin that has become L1 for new generation
What is monogenesis?
theory that all languages (or set) originate from a single source
