Phonation

Question 1

• VOT

Answer 1

voicing has begun before the release of stop closure

we are producing a voiced stop which we perceive as [b,d, or g]

Question 2

How do we know if [b,d, or g] have -VOT?

Answer 2

if [b, d, or g] fall between two voiced sounds

Question 3

0 VOT

Answer 3

voicing begins at the release of stop closure

we are producing an unvoiced stop which we may perceive as [b, d, g] or [p, t, k] depending on where in the utterance it occurs

Question 4

How do we know if [b, d, or g] have 0 VOT?

Answer 4

if [b, d, or g] occur at the beginning of an utterance or phrase (utterance initial position)

Question 5

How do we know if [p, t, or k] have 0 VOT?

Answer 5

if [p, t, or k] follows an “s”

Question 6

+ VOT

Answer 6

voicing begins after the release of stop closure

we are producing an unvoiced, aspirated stop which we perceive as [p, t, or k]

voicing begins several milliseconds after the burst, which means that part of the following voiced sound is devoiced

Question 7

How do we know if [p, t, or k] have + VOT?

Answer 7

when [p, t, or k] are in syllable initial position

Question 8

Answer 8

+ VOT

Question 9

Answer 9

0 VOT

Question 10

Answer 10

• VOT

Question 11

Conditions for vocal fold vibration (phonation)

Answer 11

1. Vocal folds must be properly positioned
2. there must be sufficient airflow

Question 12

2 conditions for proper position

Answer 12

1. vocal folds must be adducted (together)
2. vocal folds must be sufficiently tense

Question 13

We use __________ to abduct and adduct the vocal folds

Answer 13

active muscular control

Question 14

there must be _________ from the lungs to create subglottal pressure to begin open-and-close cycle of phonation

Answer 14

sufficient airflow

Question 15

subglottal pressure

Answer 15

pressure below the adducted vocal folds

Question 16

Characteristic F0

Answer 16

a function of vocal fold mass

larger (heavier) vocal folds will vibrate slower than smaller (lighter) vocal folds

Question 17

cross-speaker difference

Answer 17

caused by individual differences in pitch

Question 18

fundamental frequency (F0)

Answer 18

rate of vocal fold vibration

the number of open-close cycles per second

Hertz (Hz)

Question 19

pitch

Answer 19

the aural perception of the rate of vocal fold vibration

Question 20

[ ̥]

Answer 20

devoiced

Question 21

[ _..]

Answer 21

breathy voice

Question 22

[ ̰]

Answer 22

creaky voice

Question 23

Answer 23

creaky phonation

hyper-adducted

Question 24

Answer 24

normal phonation

adducted

Question 25

Answer 25

breathy phonation

partially adducted

Question 26

Answer 26

glottal frication

partially abducted

Question 27

Answer 27

quiet breathing

abducted