phobias

Question 1

psychoanalytic

causal factor

Answer 1

phobias represent defence against anxiety, coming from repressed impulses.
too dangerous ‘to know ‘ repressed impulse-> placed on external objects/ situation that has symbolic relationship to real object of anxiety

Question 2

learned behaviour

causal factor

Answer 2

learning behaviour: fear response conditioned -> neutral stimuli; when stimuli paired w traumatic/painful event

vicarious conditioning: watching phobic indv. behave fearfully w phobic object-> cause distress, fear can be transmitted
(observational classical conditioning)

Question 3

evolutionary preparedness

causal factor

Answer 3

prepared learning: primates/humans who rapidly acquired fears of objects/situations that posed threats -> survived more
resistant to extinction

once acquired conditioned response to fear-relevant stimuli -> response elicited when. fear-relevant stimuli presented subliminally

Question 4

biological

causal factor

Answer 4

carrier of s allele of serotonin-transporter gene -> superior fear condition

Question 5

treatment

Answer 5

exposure therapy, behaviour therapy -> controlled exposured to stimuli that elicit phobic fear
participant modeling: therapist calmly model ways to interact w phobic stimulus/situation