anxiety disorders - panic disorder

Question 1

symptoms

Answer 1

physical:
-difficulty swallowing
-intense breathing
-sweating
-nausea
-restlessness
cognitive:
-dizziness
-mind-racing
-disorientation
-light headed
behavioural: urge to run away
fear of dying/losing controlgoing crazy

Question 2

agoraphobia

Answer 2

complication of panic disorder, unexpected panic attack, fear lack of control about a situation

Question 3

criteria for agoraphobia

Answer 3

fear or anxiety: using public transport, in line in crowd, closed spaces, open spaces, being outside or home alone
2 or more

indv. avoid feared situations, bc of thought that escape might e difficult/help not available.

Question 4

explain the behavioural perspective of panic disorder

Answer 4

interoceptive conditioning
(panic driven by internal stimulus) 
-> inital panic attack -> linked by contiguous pairing -> internal stimulus, physical/cognitive symptoms 
fear response to symptoms = recurrent panic attacks 
(doesn't explain why first panic attack evolved) 

exteroceptive conditioning
(panic driven by external stimulus)
-> first panic attacked -> linked by contiguous pairing ->external stimulus, specific situation
when situation is present -> recurrent panic attack

Question 5

what is the behavioural therapy for panic disorder??

Answer 5

prolonged exposure t o feared situation
works for 60-75%

interoceptive exposure to feared internal sensations
eg: breath control, jogging in place,

Question 6

cognitive perspective panic disorder

Answer 6

clark 1986-1996
trigger stimulus (internal or external) -> perceived treat -> apprehension-> bodily sensations -> interpretation of sensation as catastrophic
^^
cognitive vulnerability, anxiety sensitivity: personality trait
-> automatic thoughts about the meaning of body sensation
maintenance factor

Question 7

anxiety sensitivity

Answer 7

-> risk factor for panic

increases likelyhood of having panic attacks/ depression

Question 8

safety behaviour

Answer 8

• breathing slowly
• carrying anxiolytic medication
• > short term anxiety relief but reinforce avoidance behaviour
• > prevent disconfirmation of catastrophic belief

in some cases help patient feel more in control and more willing to be exposed to therapy

Question 9

cognitive behavioural therapy

Answer 9

psychological education about adaptive value of anxiety, junction of fight or flight response, panic cycle

give understanding of why they experience what they experience, help them manage their condition

giving brief detailed explanation of expected physical symptoms -> 30 % panic symptoms
minimal explanation ->90 % panic symptoms