Phlym Porifera (J.2)

Question 1

Ostia (incurrent pores)

Answer 1

Passageway of water and particles through a porocyte into the inside of the sponge

Question 2

Porocytes (pore cells)

Answer 2

Cell that lines the incurrent openings of sponges. Can use osmosis to gain/ lose water, thus closing or opening the water channels

Question 3

Spongocoel

Answer 3

Central cavity of a sponge, where water flows bringing in nutrients and carrying out metabolic waste

Question 4

Osculum (excurrent openings)

Answer 4

Opening to a sponge’s internal cavity through which water contains waste is flushed out

Question 5

Choanocytes (collar cells)

Answer 5

Flagellated cell used to generate a water current through their structure (essential to survival)

Question 6

Gemmules

Answer 6

Reproductive structure produced asexually by freshwater sponges in response to unfavourable conditions

Question 7

Amoebocytes

Answer 7

Amoeba-like cell in the body wall of sponges which can move via pseudopods. Produce spicules or become specialized as sperm cells

Question 8

Larva

Answer 8

Feeding stage that develops from the zygote of an organism that have a polymorphic life cycle

Question 9

Regeneration

Answer 9

Regrowth of lost body parts

Question 10

Budding

Answer 10

Asexual reproduction involving a new organism forming off an outgrowth of the parent

Question 11

Spicules

Answer 11

Slender pointed hard “body,” provide support for the sponge

Class Demospongia - spicules made of spongin and/or silica

Class Calcarea - spicules made of calcium carbonate

Class Hexactinellida - spicules made of silica