PHILOSOPHY 👹 (quiz 1)

Question 1

He believed that the ultimate composition of all things is water.

Answer 1

Thales

Question 2

• He agreed that everything comes from a single, basic material.
• His view is that all things are created and emerged from a indefinite and boundless reali called apeiron.

Answer 2

Anaximander

Question 3

He believed that it is air that makes up all things and that different elements and
substances are merely different phases of air.

Answer 3

Anaximenes

Question 4

• He was credited with the formulation of the Pythagorean theorem.
• He established a community of learners who were devoted to the study of religion and philosophy.

Answer 4

Pythagoras

Question 5

• He proposed that everything that exists is based on a higher order or plan, which he called logos.
• He considered change is a permanent aspect of the human condition.

Answer 5

Heraclitus

Question 6

• He devoted himself to studying the cause of natural phenomena.
• He was the first to propose that matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms.

Answer 6

Democritus

Question 7

• He was known advocate of a simple and virtuous life.
• His teaching and views were later developed by his followers and influences the development of Cynicism.

Answer 7

Diogenes of Sinope

Question 8

• He believed that philosophy could enable man to live a life of happiness.
• His views gave rise to Epicureanism-a school of philosophy that believes that wisdom and simple living will result in a life free from fear and pain.

Answer 8

Epicurus

Question 9

• he believed that philosophy could enable a man to live a life of virtue.
• He introduced the Socratic method- a means of examining a topic by devising a series of questions that let learner examine and analyze his knowledge and views regarding the topic.

Answer 9

Socrates

Question 10

• His ideas include his theory of forms, which proposes that everything that exists is based on an idea or template that can only be perceived in the mind.
• He also focused political theory.
• Also known for his dialectic- a method of inquiry where two opposing ideas are discussed in an attempt to arrive at new knowledge.

Answer 10

Plato

Question 11

• the first philosopho
  “a lover of wisdom“

Answer 11

Pythagoras

Question 12

• Consists of schools of thought which are often closely tied with religious beliefs.
• They are often described as
  “wisdom” literature, where stories, sayings, and texts encourage people to adopt an ethical and armonious way of life.

Answer 12

Eastern Philosophy

Question 13

is primarily concerned with uncovering the truth through systematic argumentation and theory.

Answer 13

Western Philosophy

Question 14

• Focuses more on logic, reason, and the scientific method
• Emphasizes individuality and personal identity
• Usually linear (past, present, future)
• Often seeks to understand and control the world

Answer 14

Western

Question 15

• Often combines reason with intuition, personal experience, and spiritual insights
• Focuses more on connectedness, harmony with others and nature
• Often cyclical (like the concept of reincarnation in some philosophies
• Usually aims for harmony, balance, and inner peace

Answer 15

Eastern

Question 16

• He proposed that everything that exists is based on a higher order or plan, which he called logos.
• He considered change is a permanent aspect of the human condition.

Answer 16

Heraclitus

Question 17

• For him, all ideas and views are based on perception, and our reality is based on what we can sense and perceive.
• He introduced deductive reasoning- the process by which specific statements are analyzed to reach a conclusion or generalization.
• Founded his own school called Lyceum.

Answer 17

Aristotle

Question 18

• He is known for the practical aspects of his philosophical inquiries and was considered a leading scientist in ancient times
• He pioneered the use of mathematics to analyze natural phenomena.

Answer 18

Archimedes

Question 19

Types of philosophies:

Answer 19

Theistic & Non-Theistic

Question 20

belief in the existence of a god or gods.

Answer 20

Theistic

Question 21

not believing in a god or gods

Answer 21

Non-Theistic

Question 22

• Founder of Sikhism
• Concept of One God and equality of all humans
• Emphasis on devotion, meditation, and selfless service

Answer 22

Guru Nanak

Question 23

• Synthesis of Aristotelian and Neoplatonic ideas with Islamic thought
• Contributions to logic, metaphysics, and medicine.

Answer 23

IBN Sina

Question 24

• Reconciliation of Islamic theology philosophy with Greek philosophy
• Critique of Aristotelian metaphysics
• Emphasis on spiritual experience in
  religious knowledge

Answer 24

Al-Ghazali

Question 25

• Founder of Soto Zen in Japan
• Emphasis on zazen (seated meditation)
• Concept of shikantaza (just sitting)

Answer 25

Dogen

Question 26

• Founder of Shingon Buddhism in Japan
• Emphasis on esoteric practices and ritual

Answer 26

Kukai

Question 27

• Concept of Tao (the Way)
• Balance of yin and yang
• Wu wei (non-action or effortless action)

Answer 27

Lao Tzu

Question 28

• Emphasis on social harmony and proper relationships
• Concept of ren (benevolence/humaneness)
• Importance of filial piety and ritual

Answer 28

Confucius

Question 29

• Founder of Jainism
• Five main vows: ahimsa, satya, asteya, brahmacharya, aparigraha
• Emphasis on non violence and respect for all life

Answer 29

Mahavira

Question 30

• Buddha
• Four noble truths
• Eightfold path
• Concept of impermanence and nonself

Answer 30

Siddharta Gautama

Question 31

• He was the earliest philosopher to inquire about the world and explain the composition of things and the changes in physical reality.
• The Father of Western Philosophy

Answer 31

Thales

Question 32

The first philosophers that lived before the time of Socrates

Answer 32

Pre-socratics

Question 33

• A group of intellectuals and they influenced learning in ancient Greece.
• They taught a style of argumentation called eristic, which aimed to win
  arguments rather than arrive the truth.

Answer 33

Sophists