Philosophy Intro

Question 1

Omnipotent

Answer 1

All powerful

Question 2

Omnipresent

Answer 2

Everywhere

Question 3

Omniscient

Answer 3

All knowing, includes everything even the future.

Question 4

Omnibenevolent

Answer 4

All loving

Question 5

Why is it logical that God is omnipotent?

Answer 5

Nothing can be as powerful as God otherwise they’d be God.

Question 6

Creator

Answer 6

Makes things eg. God and the universe

Question 7

Ex-nihilo

Answer 7

‘Out of nothing’ which is how God created the universe.

Question 8

Sustainer

Answer 8

Preserving and maintaining the world

Question 9

Eternal and Infinite

Answer 9

Link! Meaning forever, never ending, no beginning

Question 10

Transcendent

Answer 10

Above and beyond, exist before and seperately

Question 11

Immanent

Answer 11

Within/ personal

Question 12

Perfect

Answer 12

Without flaw

Question 13

Necessary

Answer 13

Vital, has to be, essential, can’t not exist, independent

Question 14

Contingent

Answer 14

Reliant on other things
DOES NOT RELATE TO GOD!

Question 15

What is meant by an argument?

Answer 15

A set of statements which is such that one of them (the conclusion) is supported or implied by the others (the premises)

Question 16

Premise

Answer 16

Statement

Question 17

Conclusion

Answer 17

Final statement, logical sum

Question 18

Give a basic example of an argument in premise/conclusion form

Answer 18

The Eiffel Tower is in Paris
Paris is in France
Therefore the Eiffel Tower is in FRance

Question 19

Valid

Answer 19

A valid argument is one where there are no mistakes in logic but not all valid arguments are true.

Question 20

Sound/Proof

Answer 20

Good, solid, reasonable

Question 21

Compelling

Answer 21

You have to accept (argument), illogical to reject it eg. x=3 y=5 so x+y=8

Question 22

What are the different types of proofs/arguments?

Answer 22

Direct
Inductive
Deductive

Question 23

What are the 2 basic rules for checking the validity of a philosophical argument?

Answer 23

1. Are the premises true or at least probably true?
2. Does the conclusion follow on from the premises or are there massive illogical gaps?

Question 24

Direct Proof

Answer 24

When we can use our empirical senses to establish the truth of an argument.

Question 25

Empirical

Answer 25

Based on, concerned with, or verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic eg. senses

Question 26

What is an inductive argument?

Answer 26

Specific observation to general conclusions, logical assumption

Question 27

Give a basic example of an inductive argument?

Answer 27

All canaries in my garden are yellow therefore all canaries in the world are yellow.

Question 28

A posteriori

Answer 28

Based on, after experience or evidence

Question 29

Synthetic

Answer 29

Bringing things together to form a big/general thing eg. conclusions

Question 30

Give an example of a philosophical argument which is inductive

Answer 30

Cosmological Argument

Question 31

Strengths of an inductive argument

Answer 31

Based on observation Science uses inductive proofs Way human minds work

Question 32

Weaknesses of an inductive argument

Answer 32

Never compelling (have to accept, illogical not to) Always possible to come to a different conclusion

Question 33

What is a deductive argument?

Answer 33

General observations to specific conclusions, using/analysing someone elses evidence.

Question 34

Give an example of a deductive argument

Answer 34

All canaries in the world are yellow so all canaries in my garden must be yellow.

Question 35

A priori

Answer 35

Prior to evidence, not based on empirical observations.

Question 36

Analytic

Answer 36

Statement with conclusions contained in the premise.

Question 37

Give an example of a philosophical argument which is deductive

Answer 37

Ontological Argument

Question 38

Strengths of a deductive argument

Answer 38

Potential to be compelling and therefore absolute proofs.

Question 39

Weaknesses of a deductive argument

Answer 39

Major issue is that establishing the truth of the first premise. Therefore we need on the first premise.

Question 40

Group A posteriori, A priori, analytic, inductive, deductive and synthetic

Answer 40

A posterioir, inductive and synthetic A priori, deductive and analytic