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Religious Studies > Philosophy Intro > Flashcards

Philosophy Intro Flashcards

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1
Q

Omnipotent

A

All powerful

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2
Q

Omnipresent

A

Everywhere

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3
Q

Omniscient

A

All knowing, includes everything even the future.

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4
Q

Omnibenevolent

A

All loving

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5
Q

Why is it logical that God is omnipotent?

A

Nothing can be as powerful as God otherwise they’d be God.

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6
Q

Creator

A

Makes things eg. God and the universe

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7
Q

Ex-nihilo

A

‘Out of nothing’ which is how God created the universe.

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8
Q

Sustainer

A

Preserving and maintaining the world

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9
Q

Eternal and Infinite

A

Link! Meaning forever, never ending, no beginning

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10
Q

Transcendent

A

Above and beyond, exist before and seperately

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11
Q

Immanent

A

Within/ personal

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12
Q

Perfect

A

Without flaw

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13
Q

Necessary

A

Vital, has to be, essential, can’t not exist, independent

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14
Q

Contingent

A

Reliant on other things
DOES NOT RELATE TO GOD!

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15
Q

What is meant by an argument?

A

A set of statements which is such that one of them (the conclusion) is supported or implied by the others (the premises)

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16
Q

Premise

A

Statement

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17
Q

Conclusion

A

Final statement, logical sum

18
Q

Give a basic example of an argument in premise/conclusion form

A

The Eiffel Tower is in Paris
Paris is in France
Therefore the Eiffel Tower is in FRance

19
Q

Valid

A

A valid argument is one where there are no mistakes in logic but not all valid arguments are true.

20
Q

Sound/Proof

A

Good, solid, reasonable

21
Q

Compelling

A

You have to accept (argument), illogical to reject it eg. x=3 y=5 so x+y=8

22
Q

What are the different types of proofs/arguments?

A

Direct
Inductive
Deductive

23
Q

What are the 2 basic rules for checking the validity of a philosophical argument?

A
  1. Are the premises true or at least probably true?
  2. Does the conclusion follow on from the premises or are there massive illogical gaps?
24
Q

Direct Proof

A

When we can use our empirical senses to establish the truth of an argument.

25
Q

Empirical

A

Based on, concerned with, or verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic eg. senses

26
Q

What is an inductive argument?

A

Specific observation to general conclusions, logical assumption

27
Q

Give a basic example of an inductive argument?

A

All canaries in my garden are yellow therefore all canaries in the world are yellow.

28
Q

A posteriori

A

Based on, after experience or evidence

29
Q

Synthetic

A

Bringing things together to form a big/general thing eg. conclusions

30
Q

Give an example of a philosophical argument which is inductive

A

Cosmological Argument

31
Q

Strengths of an inductive argument

A

Based on observation
Science uses inductive proofs
Way human minds work

32
Q

Weaknesses of an inductive argument

A

Never compelling (have to accept, illogical not to)
Always possible to come to a different conclusion

33
Q

What is a deductive argument?

A

General observations to specific conclusions, using/analysing someone elses evidence.

34
Q

Give an example of a deductive argument

A

All canaries in the world are yellow so all canaries in my garden must be yellow.

35
Q

A priori

A

Prior to evidence, not based on empirical observations.

36
Q

Analytic

A

Statement with conclusions contained in the premise.

37
Q

Give an example of a philosophical argument which is deductive

A

Ontological Argument

38
Q

Strengths of a deductive argument

A

Potential to be compelling and therefore absolute proofs.

39
Q

Weaknesses of a deductive argument

A

Major issue is that establishing the truth of the first premise.
Therefore we need on the first premise.

40
Q

Group A posteriori, A priori, analytic, inductive, deductive and synthetic

A

A posterioir, inductive and synthetic

A priori, deductive and analytic

Religious Studies (5 decks)

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