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Philosophy Flashcards

1
Q

In Philosophy what matters is the ———- and NOT the ANSWER.

A

question

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2
Q

Wonder is the feeling of a philosopher, and philosophy starts with WONDER

A

Socrates

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3
Q

philosophizing

A

WONDER - →QUESTION- → REASONING PROCESS → CRITICAL THINKING

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4
Q

philia’ ‘Philo’ or ‘philein’

A

love

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5
Q

sophia

A

wisdom

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6
Q

Philosophy is THE —————— in their ULTIMATE CAUSES or PRINCIPLES acquired by the NATURAL LIGHT OF REASON ALONE.

A

SCIENCE OF ALL THINGS or BEINGS

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7
Q

SCIENCE..

from the Latin ——means to know

A

‘scire’

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8
Q

Philosophy is a science

A

It aims for CERTITUDE.

  1. It strives to know the WHYS OF THINGS
  2. It involves CRITICAL THINKING that includes questioning, analyzing, synthesizing, evaluating, and judging.
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9
Q

TWO TYPES OF BEING:

St. Thomas Aquinas

A

Necessary and Contingent

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10
Q

GOD -Exists eternally;

No beginning or end

A

Necessary

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11
Q

HUMAN - Existence is caused

A

Contingent

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12
Q

looks into the REASON and ULTIMATE WHY’S and WHERETOFORE’S of all things

A

Ultimate causes

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13
Q

IT MEANS THE ‘HUMAN REASON’

A

Natural Light of Reason

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14
Q

Branches of Philosophy

A

MAPALETECS

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15
Q

beyond

A

meta

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16
Q

nature/physical

A

physikon

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17
Q

Investigates the FUNDAMENTAL NATURE of reality, being and existence.

A

Metaphysics

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18
Q

Question of REALITY and BEING.

A

Metaphysics

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19
Q

Questions about NON-PHYSICAL WORLD such as; “do angels exist?”

A

Metaphysics

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20
Q

sense of perception

A

aisthetikos

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21
Q

studies beauty and the Art

A

aesthetics

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22
Q

man’s creativeness/skills

in doing things beautifully

A

art

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23
Q

quality attributed to whatever pleases the beholder such as form, color, behavior.

A

beauty

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24
Q

mind, soul, spirit

A

psyche

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25
Q

study of

A

logos

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26
Q

Studies the nature and functioning of the mind.

A

Pilosophical or Rational Psychology

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27
Q

known as the science of behavior and the “theory of the mind”

A

Pilosophical or Rational Psychology

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28
Q

worth or value

A

axios

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29
Q

Nature of values and Value judgments.

A

axiology

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30
Q

Analyzes the meaning, characteristic, origin, types, criteria, and knowledge of values.

A

axiology

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31
Q

word of

A

logos

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32
Q

treatises or thought

A

logike

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33
Q

Science and art of correct thinking

A

LOGIC

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34
Q

METHODS OF ARGUMENT

A

LOGIC

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35
Q

customs, manners the right and wrong in man’s behavior

and the morality of human acts and conducts.

A

ethos

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36
Q

man and actions

A

ethics

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37
Q

God

A

Theos

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38
Q

right, just

A

dike

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39
Q

Studies the nature, being, goodness and justice of God in the light of reason alone

A

theodicy

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40
Q

knowledge

A

episteme

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41
Q

study of

A

logos

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42
Q

study of the origins, nature, truthfulness, and validity of knowledge.

A

Epistemology

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43
Q

WORLD or UNIVERSE

A

kosmos

44
Q

STUDY of

A

logos

45
Q

Study of the universe or world including its origin, dynamics and characteristics, as well as the laws that govern its order.

A

cosmology

46
Q

theory of the universe

A

cosmology

47
Q

Philosophical search for knowledge of the ultimate foundation of the state, it ideal form and its basic power

A

Social or Political Philosophy

48
Q

Man and State

A

Social or Political Philosophy

49
Q

Ancient Philosophers (Cosmocentric)

A

Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes, Heraclitus, Pythagoras, Democritus

50
Q

primary substance is WATER

A

Thales

51
Q

Primary Substance: Boundless, unchanging,

undefined. (Apeiron)

A

Anaximander

52
Q

Man is a being that has evolved from the animals of another species lower than his, in fact from fish.

A

Anaximander

53
Q

Primary Substance: AIR

A

anaximenes

54
Q

Air undergoes 2 processes

A

Condensation and Rarefaction

55
Q

Air is —— for life- all known living creatures need air to survive

A

central

56
Q

Primary Substance: FIRE

A

Heraclitus

57
Q

The world is in a constant CHANGE.

A

Heraclitus

58
Q

“You can not step in the same river twice.”

A

Heraclitus

59
Q

The only permanent thing in this world CHANGE.”

A

Heraclitus

60
Q

The world is made up of Numbers

A

Pythagoras

61
Q

All things take up SPACE and have MEASURE.

A

Pythagoras

62
Q

Primary Substance: ATOMS

A

Democritus

63
Q

tiny, imperceptible, indestructible, indivisible, eternal and uncreated

A

Atoms

64
Q

Man is ——- a world

A

Himself

65
Q

understand man in the context of the world.

A

Greek philosophers

66
Q

ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY

A

cosmocentric

67
Q

Socratic Period 470– 300 B.C (ANTHROPOCENTRIC) Philosophers

A

Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

68
Q

Gifted thinker of ancient Athens who helped lay the foundation of Western Philosophy

A

Socrates

69
Q

The human soul should be nurtured properly.

A

Socrates

70
Q

Socrates- Through acquisition of

A

KNOWLEDGE, WISDOM AND VIRTUE. (knowledge of good life)

71
Q

KNOWING WHAT IS RIGHT MEANS DOING WHAT IS RIGHT!

A

Socrates

72
Q

KNOWLEDGE ＋ VIRTUE = WISDOM =

A

HAPPINESS

73
Q

The “IDEALIST

A

Plato

74
Q

Born into a wealthy family in the second year of the Peloponnesian War

A

Plato

75
Q

high forehead

A

Plato

76
Q

The nature of man is seen in the metaphysical ——— between —– and —–

A

DICHOTOMY, BODY & SOUL

77
Q

Material; it cannot live and move apart from the soul; it is mutable and destructible.

A

Body

78
Q

Immaterial; it can exist apart from the body; it is immutable and indestructible.

A

Soul

79
Q

exists prior to the body.

A

Soul

80
Q

a Soul using a Body

A

Man

81
Q

Rational level
(enables man to think, reflect, analyze
and draw conclusions)

A

Head

82
Q 
Spiritual level 
(makes man assert and experience abomination and anger)
A

Chest

83
Q

Appetitive level

hunger, thirsts, physical wants

A

Stomach

84
Q

highest level that distinguishes man from brutes

A

Rational part

85
Q

Man can control his appetite and self-assertion of spirit through

A

Reason

86
Q

controls both Spirit and Appetite = well – balanced personality.

A

REASON

87
Q

Appetitive and Spiritual

A

Mortals

88
Q

Rational

A

Immortal

89
Q

Idea is

A

eternal

90
Q

“real” or “encyclopedist” or “inspired common sense” or “the prince of those who know”

A

Aristotle

91
Q

Studied under Plato at the Academy

A

Aristotle

92
Q

Son of a Macedonian doctor, returned home to become the teacher of Alexander of Macedon for three years, beginning in 343 BCE.

A

Aristotle

93
Q

Later returned to Athens to open school called

the Lyceum in 335 BCE

A

Aristotle

94
Q

Aristotle Believed in the ‘————–’

A

GOLDEN MEAN

95
Q

all things follow the middle course; by avoiding extremes, one will enjoy a maximum of happiness and a minimum of pain.

A

GOLDEN MEAN

96
Q

a RATIONAL ANIMAL.

A

Man

97
Q

No dichotomy between ————————

A

BODY and SOUL.

98
Q

has no life, it can only possess life when it is united to the soul.

A

Body

99
Q

principle of life; it causes the body to live.

A

Soul

100
Q

3 kinds of Soul

A

Vegetative
Sensitive
Rational

101
Q

Kinds of Soul of Man

A

Rational

102
Q

Kinds of Soul of Animals/Brutes

A

Sensitive

103
Q

Kinds of Soul of Plants/Vegetation

A

Vegetative

104
Q

highest type because it has the power to unite itself with the lower part

A

Rational Soul

105
Q

Functions of Vegetative soul:

A
  1. It feeds itself
  2. It grows
  3. It reproduces
106
Q

Functions of sensitive soul:

A
  1. It feeds itself
  2. It grows
  3. It reproduces
  4. It has feelings (particularly pain and pleasure)
107
Q

Rational soul is capable of

A

THINKING, REASONING AND WILLING

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