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blabla > Earth sci lesson 3.2 > Flashcards

Earth sci lesson 3.2 Flashcards

1
Q

building blocks of rocks

A

minerals

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2
Q

composed of elements such as those found in periodic table

A

minerals

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3
Q

has definite chemical proportion which can be described in chemical formula

A

minerals

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4
Q

structure arranges atoms in a crystalline pattern

A

minerals

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5
Q

how minerals form (4)

A

crystallization of magma, precipitation, pressure and temp, hydrothermal fluids (CPPH)

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6
Q

study of chemistry of minerals, crystal structure, and their physical and optical properties

A

mineralogy

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7
Q

person who studies minerals and most study minerals with economic value

A

mineralogist

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8
Q

founder of mineralogy as he was the first to systematically classify minerals

A

Abraham Gottlob Werner

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9
Q

characteristics of minerals

A

naturally-occurring chemical compounds, inorganic, homogenous solids

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10
Q

physical and optical properties of minerals

A

luster, color and streak, hardness, cleavage and fracture, specific gravity (LCSHCFS)

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11
Q

quality of light on the surface of a rock, crystal or mineral

A

luster

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12
Q

high luster is very ____

A

reflective

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13
Q

caused by absorption or lack of visible light by their crystalline structure

A

color

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14
Q

mineral identification with physical properties

A

color

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15
Q

color of powdered mineral produced when dragged across an unweather surface (streak test)

A

streak

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16
Q

distinguishing metallic minerals

A

streak

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17
Q

nonmetallic minerals have ______ or______ streak

A

colorless or white

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18
Q

mineral’s ability to resist scratching or abrasion

A

hardness

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19
Q

mineral’s hardness is measured using

A

Mohs Hardness Scale

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20
Q

tendency of mineral to split, or cleave, along planes of weakness

A

cleavage

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21
Q

break easily and cleanly along one or more planes

A

good cleavage

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22
Q

break is not defined

A

bad cleavage

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23
Q

______ of cleavage planes and the angles between are used to distinguish the rock-forming minerals

A

number

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24
Q

cleavage in one direction

A

Muscovite

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25
Q

cleavage in 2 directions

A

Feldspar

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26
Q

cleavage in 3 directions

A

Halite

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27
Q

cleavage in 2 directions but slant

A

calcite

28
Q

minerals undergo different geological processes and become part of or develop into rocks, in which case they become known as

A

rock-forming minerals

29
Q

over _____ minerals known

A

2000

30
Q

one of the most abundant minerals in Earth’s crust

A

rock-forming minerals

31
Q

one of the original minerals present at the time of a crustal rock’s formation

A

rock-forming minerals

32
Q

an important mineral in determining a rock’s classification

A

rock-forming minerals

33
Q

composition of minerals

A

silicates, oxides, sulfide, sulfates, halides, carbonates, native metals (SOSSHCN)

34
Q

SiO4^2

A

silicon-oxygen tetrahedrons

35
Q

major rock-forming minerals

A

silicates

36
Q

example of Silicates

A

olivine and quartz

37
Q

metal cations bonded to oxygen anions

A

oxides

38
Q

ex of oxides

A

magnetite, hematite

39
Q

metal cation bonded to sulfide (S^2-)

A

sulfide

40
Q

ex. of sulfide

A

galena and pyrite

41
Q

metal cation bonded to the SO4^2- anionic group

A

sulfate

42
Q

precipitate out of water near Earth’s Surface

A

sulfate

43
Q

ex of sulfate

A

gypsum

44
Q

ex of halides

A

halogen ion (chlorine/fluorine)
halite or rock salt
fluorite

45
Q

halogen ion

A

halides

46
Q

carbonic ion (CO3^2-) which bonds elements such as calcium or magnesium

A

carbonates

47
Q

ex of carbonates

A

calcite, dolomite

48
Q

consist of a single metal

A

native metal

49
Q

ex of native metal

A

gold, copper

50
Q

set of processes through which useful resources are withdrawn from a stock of any nonrenewable resource

A

mining

51
Q

refers to the extraction of mineral resources

A

Mining

52
Q

naturally-occurring materials that can be profitable mined

A

ores

53
Q

mineral or rock or metallic or nonmetallic depending on the economic requirement

A

ores

54
Q

a potential ore body if its localized abundance is greater that its average abundance in earth’s crust

A

deposit

55
Q

a rock or mineral is considered an ore based on:

A
  • overall chem compo
  • % of extractable resource w/ respect to its total volume
  • market value of the resource
56
Q

steps done during Mining

A

-prospecting/exploration
-drilling
-modeling
-identifying and assessing the potential impacts
-designing and constructing the mine
-ore extraction
-milling
-mine site decommissioning
(PDMIDOMM)

57
Q

looking for the ore body- a deposit that can yield a large amount of the required ore mineral

A

prospecting/exploration

58
Q

a small part of ore is extracted to determine the ore

A

drilling

59
Q

determining the ore throughout the deposit to apply appropriate mining methods etc

A

modeling

60
Q

social and environmental aspects

A

identifying and assessing the potential impacs

61
Q

high grade ores are separated from the rest of deposit

A

ore extraction

62
Q

ore is crushed and concentrated; waste materials (trailings) are released

A

milling

63
Q

closure of depleted mine

A

mine site decommissioning

64
Q

the most economically important minerals

A

gold at 20%

65
Q

3 most economically important groups of mineral resources are..

A

fossil fuels, aggregrates, metal resources

66
Q

all metal resources come from _____

A

mineral ores

blabla (8 decks)

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