Earth sci lesson 4

Question 1

movement of water around Earth’s surface and it subsystem

Answer 1

hydrologic/water cycle

Question 2

interconnected pathways and reservors

Answer 2

hydrologic/water cycle

Question 3

places where water resides for varying amount of time

Answer 3

reservoirs

Question 4

processes that allow water to move between each reservoirs and subsystems

Answer 4

pathways

Question 5

___ of water vapor in the atmosphere evaporates from ocean

Answer 5

80%

Question 6

energy for the movement of water

Answer 6

heat from sun

Question 7

evaporation of water from leaves and stems of plants, contributes to 10% of water vapor in the atm

Answer 7

transpiration

Question 8

average length of time spent by water molecules in a reservoir

Answer 8

residence time

Question 9

large reservoirs have longer _____

Answer 9

residence time

Question 10

Total amount of water in planet remains ________

Answer 10

constant

Question 11

2 kinds of reservoir

Answer 11

Saltwater and freshwater reservoir

Question 12

ocean (____) vast body of saline water

Answer 12

97.5%

Question 13

saltwater reservoir is divided into 5 regions

Answer 13

ocean, seas, gulfs, bays, and straits

Question 14

saltiness of saltwater

Answer 14

salinity

Question 15

_____ removes water, making the remaining solution saltier

Answer 15

evaporation

Question 16

most of freshwater on Earth is stored in ______,______, and _______

Answer 16

glaciers, ice sheets and permafrost

Question 17

the readily available freshwater sources are __________

Answer 17

surface water reservoir

Question 18

a permanent body of ice (largely recrystallized snow)

Answer 18

glaciers

Question 19

a mass of glacial land ice extending more than 50,000 km^2

Answer 19

Ice sheets

Question 20

a soil, rock, or sediment that is frozen for more than 2 consecutive years

Answer 20

permafrost

Question 21

most of permafrost is found in

Answer 21

polar regions

Question 22

total water stored as underground ice in permafrost compromises about ___ of freshwater

Answer 22

0.8%

Question 23

streams , lakes and wetlands where water from snow and ice, and groundwater flows

Answer 23

surface water reservoir

Question 24

___% of Earth’s total water resource

Answer 24

0.3%

Question 25

harnessed for irrigation, recreation, transport, fishing, drinking, and hydropower

Answer 25

surface water reservoirs

Question 26

moving body surface water that flows downslope toward sea level because of gravity

Answer 26

stream

Question 27

stream has clearly defined passageway where particles and dissolved substances are transported

Answer 27

channels

Question 28

a stream with a considerable volume and a well-defined channel

Answer 28

river

Question 29

interconnected and form a tree-shaped network

Answer 29

stream

Question 30

large inland bodies of fresh or saline water

Answer 30

lakes

Question 31

small and shallow lakes

Answer 31

ponds

Question 32

barriers constructed along streams to contain flow of water

Answer 32

dams

Question 33

Water exits from lakes through outlet | streams or by ________ and _______ into the ground.

Answer 33

evaporation and | infiltration

Question 34

land areas where water covers the surface for significant periods

Answer 34

wetland

Question 35

biologically diverse environment filled with species that rely on both the land and water for survival

Answer 35

wetland

Question 36

types of wetland

Answer 36

marsh, swamp and estuary

Question 37

shallow wetlands around lakes, streams, and oceans where grasses and reeds are the dominant vegetation

Answer 37

marsh

Question 38

unique example of swamp ecosystem that tolerates salty condition

Answer 38

mangrove forests

Question 39

a partly enclose coastal body of water where freshwater and saltwater meets

Answer 39

estuary

Question 40

a wetland with lush trees and vegetation found in low-lying areas beside slow-moving rivers.

Answer 40

swamp

Question 41

natural event wherein an area that is usually dry is submerged under water.

Answer 41

floods

Question 42

usually occurs when the precipitation rate is higher than rate in which it could be absorbed by the ground or carried by streams

Answer 42

floods

Question 43

fresh water found in the rock and soil layers beneath the surface

Answer 43

groundwater

Question 44

largest reservoir of liquid fresh water, constitutes about 30.1 %

Answer 44

groundwater

Question 45

water-bearing rock-layers, sponge that holds groundwater in tiny cracks, and pores between mineral grains

Answer 45

aquifers

Question 46

total amount of empty pore spaces in rock and determines the amount of groundwater that aquifer can hold

Answer 46

porosity

Question 47

human activities that affect water quality

Answer 47

PMDIP

Question 48

essential component of Earth that enabled life to exist on the planet and continues to support it

Answer 48

soil

Question 49

foundation of terrestrial planet

Answer 49

pedosphere

Question 50

pedosphere comes from Greek words "___-soil" and "___-sphere

Answer 50

pedon, sfaira

Question 51

living skin of Earth which is a result of the dynamic interaction among the major subsystems.

Answer 51

pedosphere

Question 52

components of soil

Answer 52

- 45% mineral particle (gravel, sand, pebble, clay) - 25% air, 25% water - 5% organic matter (humus, roots)

Question 53

vital for food production and plant | growth.

Answer 53

soil formaton

Question 54

five factors in Soil formation

Answer 54

- parent material - climate - topography - biological factors - time

Question 55

its chemistry and type will determine the kind of soil that will be formed together w/ effects of the other factors

Answer 55

parent material

Question 56

temp, rainfall, and moisture affects patter & intensity of soil-forming processes

Answer 56

climate

Question 57

soil-forming process

Answer 57

weathering, leaching, transportation, & distribution

Question 58

gradient of slope affects water flow and erosion wherein soils in steeps slopes tend to be thinner

Answer 58

topography

Question 59

plants, animals, microorganisms and humans affect soil formation

Answer 59

biological factors

Question 60

soil formation is a long and continuous process depending on climate and envi

Answer 60

time

Question 61

the rate of soil formation is _____ in tropical climates than in dry and cold climates

Answer 61

faster

Question 62

relative proportion of soil particles that make up the soil which affects other soil properties such as soil porosity and water retention.

Answer 62

soil texture

Question 63

soil services

Answer 63

- arable land for agri - regulating water & filtering potential pollutants - nutrient cycling - foundation & support - mineral deposits

Question 64

refers to absolute soil losses in terms of topsoil and nutrients, most visible effect of soil degradation

Answer 64

soil erosion

Question 65

reduces amount of air, water, space available to roots and soil organism, caused by repeated traffic/ travelling on wet soil

Answer 65

soil compaction

Question 66

irreversible change of land to a state where it can no longer be recovered, characterized by droughts and arid conditions

Answer 66

desertification

Question 67

to feed the population more efficiently and led to use of more machinery, deforestation, and clearing of land

Answer 67

intensive agriculture

Question 68

due to the increase of population, lands are converted to urban center where soil is sealed with concrete

Answer 68

urbanization

Question 69

5 ways to conserve soil

Answer 69

- plant more trees - no dig gardening techniques - avoid compacting soil - when hiking, do not make shortcuts that will destroy plant life and cause erosion - control rainwater runoff

Question 70

soil resource conservation/ sustainable soil management

Answer 70

-IKAUPRP