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blabla > Earth sci lesson 4 > Flashcards

Earth sci lesson 4 Flashcards

1
Q

movement of water around Earth’s surface and it subsystem

A

hydrologic/water cycle

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2
Q

interconnected pathways and reservors

A

hydrologic/water cycle

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3
Q

places where water resides for varying amount of time

A

reservoirs

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4
Q

processes that allow water to move between each reservoirs and subsystems

A

pathways

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5
Q

___ of water vapor in the atmosphere evaporates from ocean

A

80%

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6
Q

energy for the movement of water

A

heat from sun

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7
Q

evaporation of water from leaves and stems of plants, contributes to 10% of water vapor in the atm

A

transpiration

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8
Q

average length of time spent by water molecules in a reservoir

A

residence time

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9
Q

large reservoirs have longer _____

A

residence time

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10
Q

Total amount of water in planet remains ________

A

constant

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11
Q

2 kinds of reservoir

A

Saltwater and freshwater reservoir

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12
Q

ocean (____) vast body of saline water

A

97.5%

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13
Q

saltwater reservoir is divided into 5 regions

A

ocean, seas, gulfs, bays, and straits

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14
Q

saltiness of saltwater

A

salinity

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15
Q

_____ removes water, making the remaining solution saltier

A

evaporation

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16
Q

most of freshwater on Earth is stored in ______,______, and _______

A

glaciers, ice sheets and permafrost

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17
Q

the readily available freshwater sources are __________

A

surface water reservoir

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18
Q

a permanent body of ice (largely recrystallized snow)

A

glaciers

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19
Q

a mass of glacial land ice extending more than 50,000 km^2

A

Ice sheets

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20
Q

a soil, rock, or sediment that is frozen for more than 2 consecutive years

A

permafrost

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21
Q

most of permafrost is found in

A

polar regions

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22
Q

total water stored as underground ice in permafrost compromises about ___ of freshwater

A

0.8%

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23
Q

streams , lakes and wetlands where water from snow and ice, and groundwater flows

A

surface water reservoir

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24
Q

___% of Earth’s total water resource

A

0.3%

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25
Q

harnessed for irrigation, recreation, transport, fishing, drinking, and hydropower

A

surface water reservoirs

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26
Q

moving body surface water that flows downslope toward sea level because of gravity

A

stream

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27
Q

stream has clearly defined passageway where particles and dissolved substances are transported

A

channels

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28
Q

a stream with a considerable volume and a well-defined channel

A

river

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29
Q

interconnected and form a tree-shaped network

A

stream

30
Q

large inland bodies of fresh or saline water

A

lakes

31
Q

small and shallow lakes

A

ponds

32
Q

barriers constructed along streams to contain flow of water

A

dams

33
Q

Water exits from lakes through outlet

streams or by ________ and _______ into the ground.

A

evaporation and

infiltration

34
Q

land areas where water covers the surface for significant periods

A

wetland

35
Q

biologically diverse environment filled with
species that rely on both the land and
water for survival

A

wetland

36
Q

types of wetland

A

marsh, swamp and estuary

37
Q

shallow wetlands around lakes, streams, and oceans where grasses and reeds are the dominant vegetation

A

marsh

38
Q

unique example of swamp ecosystem that tolerates salty condition

A

mangrove forests

39
Q

a partly enclose coastal body of water where freshwater and saltwater meets

A

estuary

40
Q

a wetland with lush trees and vegetation found in low-lying areas beside slow-moving rivers.

A

swamp

41
Q

natural event wherein an area that is usually
dry is submerged
under water.

A

floods

42
Q

usually occurs when the precipitation rate is higher than rate in which it could be absorbed by the ground or carried by streams

A

floods

43
Q

fresh water found in the rock and soil layers beneath the surface

A

groundwater

44
Q

largest reservoir of liquid fresh water, constitutes about 30.1 %

A

groundwater

45
Q

water-bearing rock-layers, sponge that holds groundwater in tiny cracks, and pores between mineral grains

A

aquifers

46
Q

total amount of empty pore spaces in rock and determines the amount of groundwater that aquifer can hold

A

porosity

47
Q

human activities that affect water quality

A

PMDIP

48
Q

essential component of Earth that enabled life to exist on the planet and continues to support it

A

soil

49
Q

foundation of terrestrial planet

A

pedosphere

50
Q

pedosphere comes from Greek words “___-soil” and “___-sphere

A

pedon, sfaira

51
Q

living skin of Earth which is a result of the dynamic interaction among the major subsystems.

A

pedosphere

52
Q

components of soil

A
  • 45% mineral particle (gravel, sand, pebble, clay)
  • 25% air, 25% water
  • 5% organic matter (humus, roots)
53
Q

vital for food production and plant

growth.

A

soil formaton

54
Q

five factors in Soil formation

A
  • parent material
  • climate
  • topography
  • biological factors
  • time
55
Q

its chemistry and type will determine the kind of soil that will be formed together w/ effects of the other factors

A

parent material

56
Q

temp, rainfall, and moisture affects patter & intensity of soil-forming processes

A

climate

57
Q

soil-forming process

A

weathering, leaching, transportation, & distribution

58
Q

gradient of slope affects water flow and erosion wherein soils in steeps slopes tend to be thinner

A

topography

59
Q

plants, animals, microorganisms and humans affect soil formation

A

biological factors

60
Q

soil formation is a long and continuous process depending on climate and envi

A

time

61
Q

the rate of soil formation is _____ in tropical climates than in dry and cold climates

A

faster

62
Q

relative proportion of soil particles that make up the soil which affects other soil properties such as soil porosity and water retention.

A

soil texture

63
Q

soil services

A
  • arable land for agri
  • regulating water & filtering potential pollutants
  • nutrient cycling
  • foundation & support
  • mineral deposits
64
Q

refers to absolute soil losses in terms of topsoil and nutrients, most visible effect of soil degradation

A

soil erosion

65
Q

reduces amount of air, water, space available to roots and soil organism, caused by repeated traffic/ travelling on wet soil

A

soil compaction

66
Q

irreversible change of land to a state where it can no longer be recovered, characterized by droughts and arid conditions

A

desertification

67
Q

to feed the population more efficiently and led to use of more machinery, deforestation, and clearing of land

A

intensive agriculture

68
Q

due to the increase of population, lands are converted to urban center where soil is sealed with concrete

A

urbanization

69
Q

5 ways to conserve soil

A
  • plant more trees
  • no dig gardening techniques
  • avoid compacting soil
  • when hiking, do not make shortcuts that will destroy plant life and cause erosion
  • control rainwater runoff
70
Q

soil resource conservation/ sustainable soil management

A

-IKAUPRP

blabla (8 decks)

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