Earth sci lesson 1

Question 1

compromises all the space time, all matter and energy in it

Answer 1

Universe

Question 2

universe contains _______ of galaxies of which our milky way galaxy is one

Answer 2

300-400 billion

Question 3

gas-dust and billions of stars and their solar systems, all held together by gravity

Answer 3

Galaxy

Question 4

Galaxy is composed of

Answer 4

4.6 % Baryonic Matter, 24% Cold Dark Matter, 71.4 % Dark energy

Question 5

matter that has gravity but does not emit light

Answer 5

cold dark matter

Question 6

force that opposed gravity

Answer 6

dark energy

Question 7

a large spiral galaxy which is about 100,000 light years wide and 10,000 light years thick at nucleus

Answer 7

milky way

Question 8

unit of astronomical distance equivalent to the distance that light travels in one year

Answer 8

Light Year

Question 9

1 light year in km

Answer 9

9.4607 x 10^12 km (nearly 6 trillion miles)

Question 10

oldest known planet in the milky way

Answer 10

methuselah or genesis planet

Question 11

age of methuselah

Answer 11

12.7 billion yrs old

Question 12

age of universe

Answer 12

13.77 billion yrs old

Question 13

age of milky way

Answer 13

13.51 billion yrs old

Question 14

age of solar system

Answer 14

4.57 billion yrs old

Question 15

age of earth

Answer 15

4.54 billion yrs old

Question 16

when celestial body appears to move across the sky each day

Answer 16

apparent daily motion

Question 17

believed in Geocentric Model/Theory

Answer 17

Plato, Aristotle, Ptolemy

Question 18

stationary earth lies in the center and all other celestial objects orbit around it

Answer 18

Geocentric Theory/Model

Question 19

believed in Heliocentric Model/Theory

Answer 19

Copernicus, Galileo

Question 20

sun lies in center and other celestial objects including Earth orbit it

Answer 20

Heliocentric Theory/Model

Question 21

accrdg to the geocentric model of Stagira, a fixed spherical Earth resides at the center of the universe, surrounded by concentric celestial spheres of planets and stars

Answer 21

The Aristotelian Universe

Question 22

published heliocentric theory

Answer 22

Nicolaus Copernicus

Question 23

ideas are velocity-distance and red shift

Answer 23

Edwin Hubble

Question 24

_______ relationship for galaxies expansion

Answer 24

velocity-distance

Question 25

called doppler shift toward the red end of the spectrum, occurs because the light waves are stretched which shows that Earth and the source are moving away from each other

Answer 25

Red shift

Question 26

states that the galaxies are retreating from Milky Way at a speed that is proportional to their distance

Answer 26

Hubble's Law

Question 27

everything that is now in the universe existed as a single, hot, chaotic mass smaller than an atom 13.77 billion years ago

Answer 27

big bang theory

Question 28

this mass exploded and began to expand rapidly cooling as it grew All the matter and energy in the universe, and even space and time, resulted from this expansion

Answer 28

Big bang Theory

Question 29

hypothesis that includes solar nebula

Answer 29

nebular hypothesis

Question 30

an enormous rotating cloud from which the solar system evolved

Answer 30

solar nebula

Question 31

about ______ years ago, the nebula began to contract

Answer 31

5 billion

Question 32

composed mostly of _____ and ______

Answer 32

hydrogen and helium

Question 33

assumed a flat, disk shape with _____ at the center

Answer 33

protosun (pre-sun)

Question 34

begin to form from metallic and rocky clumps

Answer 34

Inner planets

Question 35

began forming from fragments with a high percentage of ices

Answer 35

Large outer planets

Question 36

5 minor members of Solar System

Answer 36

Asteroids, Comets. Meteoroid, meteor, meteorite

Question 37

icy body that releases gases as it orbits the Sun

Answer 37

Comet

Question 38

most famous short-period comet

Answer 38

Halley's comet

Question 39

orbital period of Halley's comet

Answer 39

76 years

Question 40

rocky or metallic fragment of an asteroid, comet or planet

Answer 40

meteoroid (in space)

Question 41

streak of light (shooting stars) seen when a meteoroid heats up in the atmosphere

Answer 41

meteor (in atmosphere)

Question 42

meteor fragment that reaches the ground

Answer 42

meteorite (on earth)