philosophical worldviews and methodological coherence Flashcards
components of a research design
sources of data (methods) <- (informed by) -> research approach (qualitative, quantitative, mixed methods) <- (informed by) -> researcher’s philosophical worldview
philosophical worldview
guiding frameworks of research projects
-set of beliefs related to one’s general orientation to the world and the nature of research
-dictates what a researcher believes is knowledge
ontology (subsection of philosophical worldview)
-general orientation to the world
-belief in the nature of truth* and reality
epistomology (other subsection of phil worldv)
-nature of the researcher’s belief about how we acquire knowledge about truth and reality
-researchers influence/lack of influence on the research process
common philosophical worldviews in kin research
- post-positivism (quantitative)
- constructivism (qualitative)
- pragmatism (mixed)
- transformative
- two-eyed seeing
philosophical worldview : post positivism
ontology : critical realist
-there is a single reality or objective truth to be discovered through research
-try to come as close as possible to this objective truth through research, but may never discover it
epistomology : modified objectivist
-researchers try to be as objective as possible but acknowledge that researcher still may have some influence over the research process
post positivism cont.
relies on the scientific method
sources of data : quantitative
other assumptions of post-positivism
1. determinism : causes determine effects (cause and effect)
2. reductionism : ideas can be reduced to small testable research questions
philosophical worldview : constructivism
ontology : relativist
-multiple realities exist
-meanings of reality are subjective and socially constructed
-individuals engage with their world and make sense of it based on their own personal, social, cultural and historical perspectives
subjectivist
-researchers recognize that their own realities and views shape the research process
-researchers can not be removed from the construction and interpretation of findings
philosophical worldview : pragmatism
-researchers are concerned with solutions to problems
-incorporate all research approaches that are required to best address their research question
-sources of data : mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative)
philosophical worldview : transformative
-research needs to have an agenda to advocate for marginalized peoples
-focus on reform and change through research (not just as a result of research )
-researchers and participants work together to create meaningful change for the participants
source of data : typically qualitative (quantitative may be incorporated)
eg. transformative
work with individuals who have a disability and stakeholders to improve inclusivity in sport contexts
evaluating research with different worldviews
cannot use post-positivist criteria to evaluate constructivist research, just as you cannot use constructivist criteria to evaluate post-positivist research
different ways we interpret quantitative and qualitative research
interpreting quantitative vs qualitative research
quant : we use validity and reliability (V and R)
qual : different quality criteria, would be inapropriate to use validity
constructivism and transformative worldviews are concerned with
social processes
social processes are inherently subjective
we all interpret meanings about our everyday interactions
words, actions, symbols have different meanings to different people/in different places
bias and subjectivity can be
good
insider knowledge about a sport/situation/phenomenon
-localized knowledge about meanings phrases, implications of statements
within transformative and constructivism
bias and subjectivity are inherent in personal experience and social processes (impossible to avoid)
- instead of controlling researcher bias we must acknowledge it
-> describe how subjectivities might influence the way we construct and interpret the data
methodological coherence
the methodological trajectory of an entire research project
connection between :
research q’s -> worldview -> ontology -> epistomology -> methodology -> theory -> methods/data
role of theory in research
“conceptual map” which outlines the interrelationships between a set of variables within a specific domain which, when taken collectively, purports to *explain a given phenomena *
theory in quantitative approaches
theory becomes a framework for the entire study
-theory is typically placed towards the beginning of the study in the literature review
-directs researchers towards which variables are important to measure
-theories make predictions about relationships between variables
-> guide your hypotheses
-> identify which variables are important to measure
theories in qualitative approaches
varies
1. used as a broad explanation for behaviour and attitudes, may include variables, constructs and hypotheses
2. theoretical lens or perspective : overall orienting lens for the study of questions of gender, class and race eg. feminist perspectives, queer theory, disability inquiry
3. theory becomes the end point (grounded theory)
4. no explicit theory
deductive approach
phenomenon observed -> theory is developed to explain why it occured -> theory is tested through research and either supported, unsupported or revised
inductive approach
phenomenon is observed -> data is collected on the possible reasons why it occurs and trends in the data are examined -> theory is developed from this data to explain the phenomenon
-data driven
-inductive of the data you collect
-for bigger q/s qualitative
abductive
includes inductive and deductive? reasoning
two-eyed seeing
belief that there are many ways to know about the world
-one eye seeing indigenous ways, one eye seeing western ways
-diversity of perspective and valuing all views
-respect, reflection and collearning based
-quant, qual or mixed methods
two-eyed seeing
belief that there are many ways to know about the world
read chapters in book page 13-14 ***
