philosophical worldviews and methodological coherence

Question 1

components of a research design

Answer 1

sources of data (methods) <- (informed by) -> research approach (qualitative, quantitative, mixed methods) <- (informed by) -> researcher’s philosophical worldview

Question 2

philosophical worldview

Answer 2

guiding frameworks of research projects
-set of beliefs related to one’s general orientation to the world and the nature of research

-dictates what a researcher believes is knowledge

Question 3

ontology (subsection of philosophical worldview)

Answer 3

-general orientation to the world
-belief in the nature of truth* and reality

Question 4

epistomology (other subsection of phil worldv)

Answer 4

-nature of the researcher’s belief about how we acquire knowledge about truth and reality

-researchers influence/lack of influence on the research process

Question 5

common philosophical worldviews in kin research

Answer 5

1. post-positivism (quantitative)
2. constructivism (qualitative)
3. pragmatism (mixed)
4. transformative
5. two-eyed seeing

Question 6

philosophical worldview : post positivism

Answer 6

ontology : critical realist
-there is a single reality or objective truth to be discovered through research
-try to come as close as possible to this objective truth through research, but may never discover it

epistomology : modified objectivist
-researchers try to be as objective as possible but acknowledge that researcher still may have some influence over the research process

Question 7

post positivism cont.

Answer 7

relies on the scientific method
sources of data : quantitative

other assumptions of post-positivism
1. determinism : causes determine effects (cause and effect)
2. reductionism : ideas can be reduced to small testable research questions

Question 8

philosophical worldview : constructivism

Answer 8

ontology : relativist
-multiple realities exist
-meanings of reality are subjective and socially constructed
-individuals engage with their world and make sense of it based on their own personal, social, cultural and historical perspectives

subjectivist
-researchers recognize that their own realities and views shape the research process
-researchers can not be removed from the construction and interpretation of findings

Question 9

philosophical worldview : pragmatism

Answer 9

-researchers are concerned with solutions to problems
-incorporate all research approaches that are required to best address their research question
-sources of data : mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative)

Question 10

philosophical worldview : transformative

Answer 10

-research needs to have an agenda to advocate for marginalized peoples
-focus on reform and change through research (not just as a result of research )
-researchers and participants work together to create meaningful change for the participants

source of data : typically qualitative (quantitative may be incorporated)

Question 11

eg. transformative

Answer 11

work with individuals who have a disability and stakeholders to improve inclusivity in sport contexts

Question 12

evaluating research with different worldviews

Answer 12

cannot use post-positivist criteria to evaluate constructivist research, just as you cannot use constructivist criteria to evaluate post-positivist research

different ways we interpret quantitative and qualitative research

Question 13

interpreting quantitative vs qualitative research

Answer 13

quant : we use validity and reliability (V and R)

qual : different quality criteria, would be inapropriate to use validity

Question 14

constructivism and transformative worldviews are concerned with

Answer 14

social processes
social processes are inherently subjective
we all interpret meanings about our everyday interactions
words, actions, symbols have different meanings to different people/in different places

Question 15

bias and subjectivity can be

Answer 15

good
insider knowledge about a sport/situation/phenomenon
-localized knowledge about meanings phrases, implications of statements

Question 16

within transformative and constructivism

Answer 16

bias and subjectivity are inherent in personal experience and social processes (impossible to avoid)
- instead of controlling researcher bias we must acknowledge it
-> describe how subjectivities might influence the way we construct and interpret the data

Question 17

methodological coherence

Answer 17

the methodological trajectory of an entire research project
connection between :
research q’s -> worldview -> ontology -> epistomology -> methodology -> theory -> methods/data

Question 18

role of theory in research

Answer 18

“conceptual map” which outlines the interrelationships between a set of variables within a specific domain which, when taken collectively, purports to *explain a given phenomena *

Question 19

theory in quantitative approaches

Answer 19

theory becomes a framework for the entire study
-theory is typically placed towards the beginning of the study in the literature review
-directs researchers towards which variables are important to measure
-theories make predictions about relationships between variables
-> guide your hypotheses
-> identify which variables are important to measure

Question 20

theories in qualitative approaches

Answer 20

varies
1. used as a broad explanation for behaviour and attitudes, may include variables, constructs and hypotheses
2. theoretical lens or perspective : overall orienting lens for the study of questions of gender, class and race eg. feminist perspectives, queer theory, disability inquiry
3. theory becomes the end point (grounded theory)
4. no explicit theory

Question 21

deductive approach

Answer 21

phenomenon observed -> theory is developed to explain why it occured -> theory is tested through research and either supported, unsupported or revised

Question 22

inductive approach

Answer 22

phenomenon is observed -> data is collected on the possible reasons why it occurs and trends in the data are examined -> theory is developed from this data to explain the phenomenon
-data driven
-inductive of the data you collect
-for bigger q/s qualitative

Question 23

abductive

Answer 23

includes inductive and deductive? reasoning

Question 24

two-eyed seeing

Answer 24

belief that there are many ways to know about the world
-one eye seeing indigenous ways, one eye seeing western ways
-diversity of perspective and valuing all views
-respect, reflection and collearning based

-quant, qual or mixed methods

Question 24

two-eyed seeing

Answer 24

belief that there are many ways to know about the world
read chapters in book page 13-14 ***