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Understanding The Self > Philosophical Self > Flashcards

Philosophical Self Flashcards

1
Q

WHO AM I?

A
  1. Socrates, Plato, Augustine
  2. Descartes, Locke, Hume and Kant
  3. Freud, Ryle, Churchland and Merleau-Ponty
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2
Q

This means that the greeting is not only an imperative of self-knowledge but is also a requirement that one has to
have self-moderation.

A

“Know thyself”

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3
Q

The real meaning of knowing thyself, then, is a requirement
for self-moderation, prudence, good judgment, and excellence of the soul

A

“Know thyself”

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4
Q

The ethics in knowing thyself is very important because such

A

will bring the person to the excellence of the soul

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5
Q

Like any other loving relationships, one _______________________________________________________________________________________________ as a result of such
relationship.

A

must be able to bring about the excellence of the soul of the other

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6
Q

To know thyself, therefore is to

A
  • examine whether we have achieved moderation
  • have prudently chosen what is good
  • have brought about excellence of the soul
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7
Q

quote of Socrates

A

“The unexamined life is not worth living.”

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8
Q

Living a good life means

A

is having the wisdom to distinguish what is right from wrong

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9
Q

“Only a self-controlled man, then, will know himself and will be capable of looking to see what he actually knows and what he doesn’t know.”

A

SOCRATES

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10
Q

Socrates rightly pronounced that

A

“I know that I do not know.”

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11
Q

For Socrates, it is only in the

A

recognition of one’s ignorance that a person can truly know one self

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12
Q

the wisest among philosophers

A

Socrates

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13
Q

For Plato, the psyche is composed of three
elements:

A
  • appetitive,
  • spirited,
  • and the mind.
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14
Q

is the superpower that controls the affairs of the self

A

nous

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15
Q

incudes one’s desire, pleasures, physical satisfactions, comforts, etc

A

Appetitive Element

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16
Q

the Appetitive Element incudes one’s

A

desire, pleasures, physical satisfactions, comforts, etc

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17
Q

is part of the psyche that is excited when given challenges, or fights backs when agitated, or fights for justice when unjust practices are evident.

A

Spirited Element

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18
Q

Hot- blooded part of the psyche

A

Spirited Element

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19
Q

Superior of all elements

A

Mind

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20
Q

he refers to this element as the nous which means the
conscious awareness of the self.

A

mind

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21
Q

which means the conscious awareness of the self

A

nous

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22
Q

It decides, analyses, thinks ahead, proposes what is best

A

mind

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23
Q

rationally controls both the appetitive and spirited elements
of the psyche

A

mind

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24
Q

MAN’S END GOAL IS HAPPINESS

A

ST. AUGUSTINE

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25
In his Confessions, he pronounced: “You have made us for Yourself, O Lord, and our heart is restless until it finds rest in You.”
ST. AUGUSTINE
26
He dedicated his Christian life to the pursuit of contemplative ideals. He practiced
extreme self-denial and self-mortification
27
St. Augustine's journey toward the understanding of the self was centered on his
religious convictions and beliefs
28
ST. AUGUSTINE
Recognition of the love of God
29
FATHER OF MODERN PHILOSOPHY
Rene Descartes
30
claimed that we cannot really rely on our senses because our sense perceptions can often deceive us.
Rene Descartes
31
started to doubt whether the events he experiences at the moment are only products of his dreams and therefore illusions.
Rene Descartes
32
“I think therefore I am” or “I doubt therefore I exist.”
“Cogito, ergo Sum.”
33
The primary condition, therefore of the existence of the self, at least according to Descartes, is
human rationality
34
His proposition is that the self is comparable to an empty space where everyday experiences contribute to the pile of knowledge that is put forth on that empty space
John Locke
35
John Locke's proposition is that __________________________________________________ where everyday experiences contribute to the pile of knowledge that is put forth on that empty space
the self is comparable to an empty space
36
as important requirement in order to have sense data
Experience
37
The validity of sense perception is very
subjective
38
claimed that there cannot be a persisting idea of the self.
David Hume
39
David Hume claimed that
there cannot be a persisting idea of the self.
40
are subjective, temporary, provisional, prejudicial and even skewed – and therefore cannot be persisting.
Impressions
41
This means that for Hume, all we know about ourselves are just
bundles of temporary impressions
42
The self is always transcendental
Immanuel Kant
43
ideas are perceived by the self, and they are connecting the self and the world
Immanuel Kant
44
Perception here does not belong to the world; it belongs to the self through its
temporal-spatial faculty
45
In other words, the thing-in-itself cannot provide the idea but it is only the ______________________ of the self that makes the idea sensible.
spatial-temporal faculty
46
Our rationality unifies and makes sense the perceptions that we have in our experiences and makes sensible ideas about ourselves and the world
Immanuel Kant
47
Freud, refusing to take the self or subject as technical terms, regarded the self as the ___ that ordinarily constitute both the mental and physical actions.
“I”
48
According to Freud’s concept of hysteria, the individual person may both know and not know certain things at the same time.
Topographical Model
49
Freud’s solution to this predicament is to divide the “I” into
conscious and the unconscious
50
Similar to the disintegration of the self in Topographical Model, Freud’s _____________________ will also represent the self in three different agencies.
Structural Model
51
two models of Sigmund Freud
Topographical Model and Structural Model
52
Freud’s Structural Model will also represent the self in three different agencies:
is, ego, superego
53
is known as the primitive or instinctive component.
id
54
is described by Freud as that part of the id which has been modified by the direct influence of the external world. Many interpreters of Freud see the ego as the “I” and the super ego as “above I.”
ego
55
synthesizes the morals, values and systems in society in order to function as the control outpost of the instinctive desires of the id
superego
56
The mind is never separate from the body
GILBERT RYLE
57
He proposed that physical actions or behaviors are dispositions of the self.
GILBERT RYLE
58
continued that the mind will depend on how words are being told and expressed and delivered.
GILBERT RYLE
59
brings forth neuroscience in the fore of understanding the self.
eliminative materialism
60
promoted the position they called “eliminative materialism” which brings forth neuroscience in the fore of understanding the self
PAUL & PATRICIA CHURCHLAND
61
wanted to predict, when people wanted to ask what is going on with themselves, they might as well go for MRI scan or CT Scan to understand the present condition of the brain and how it currently works.
PAUL & PATRICIA CHURCHLAND
62
Phenomenology of Perception draws heavily from the contemporary research
Gestalt psychology and neurology.
63
draws heavily from the contemporary research Gestalt psychology and neurology
Phenomenology of Perception
64
What _______________________________ proposes is treating perception as a causal process
MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY
65
What Merleau-Ponty proposes is treating perception as a
causal process
66
It simply means that our perceptions are caused by the intricate experiences of the self, and processed intellectually while distinguishing truthful perceptions from illusory
MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY
67
an ancient greeting of the highly civilized Greeks
know thyself
68
To know thyself is first an ____________ and then a ____________________ requirement
imperative; requirement
69
He hailed from Tagaste, Africa in 354 BC
St. Augustine
70
the development of the self for St. Augustine is achieved through
self-presentation and self-realization
71
In his _________________________, Descartes claimed that we cannot really rely on our senses because our sense perceptions can often deceive us
Meditations on First Philosophy
72
British philosopher and politician
John Locke
73
opposed to the idea that only reason is the source of knowledge of the self
John Locke
74
Experience as important requirement in order to have sense data which, through the process of reflection and analysis, eventually becomes
sense perception
75
Scotish philosopher and historian
David Hume
76
Hume harshly claimed that
there IS no self
77
is a Prussian metaphysicist who synthesized the rationalist view of Descarted and the empiricist view of Locke and Hume
Immanuel Kant
78
Immanuel Kant calls his philosophy the
Transcendental Unity of Apperception
79
His theory explains that being or the self is not in the body, it is outside the body and even outside the qualities of the body -- meaning transcedent
Immanuel Kant
80
a British philosopher, proposed his Positive View in his "Concept of the Mind"
Gilbert Ryle
81
To Gilbert Ryle, the mind therefor, is nothing but a
disposition of the self
82
sees the failure of folk psychology in explaining basic concepts such as sleep, learning, mental illness and the like
Eliminative metrialism
83
it is not remotely impossible that folk psychology will be replaced by
neurobiology
84
Maurice Merleau-Ponty developed a kind of phenomenological rhythm that will explain the perception of the self. The rhythm involves three dimensions
- empiricist take on perception - idealist-intellectual alternative - synthesis of both positions
85

Understanding The Self (4 decks)

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