Philosophical Perspective Flashcards
covers the inquiry into the fundamental nature of the self which has preoccupied the earliest thinkers in the history of philosophy: Greeks. It generally believes that views on the self can be best understood by revisiting its prime movers and identify the most important conjectures made by philosophers.
Philosophical Self
refers to a person’s essential being that distinguishes them from others. This “being” perennially molds and develops through time and through experiences.
Self
“Know Thyself!” | “An unexamined life is not worth living.”
SOCRATES
He utilized the Socratic method to stimulate critical thinking and draw out ideas from his students.
Socrates
was well known for his belief that the only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing, which means that you can only gain wisdom by acknowledging that you are an empty cup that needs to be filled. Aside from humility (acceptance that you know nothing) and thirst for knowledge and understanding (you need to learn more), the key to opening the gates leading to endless opportunities for growth is by knowing oneself.
Socrates
“Human behavior flows from three main sources: desire, emotion, and knowledge.”
PLATO
One of his many contributions is the concept of dualism, which believes that one’s physical body and soul are separate entities and that one lives on even after death.
PLATO
was another ancient Greek philosopher and was a student of Socrates. He is one of the world’s best-known and most studied philosophers because of the great contributions he had to the expansion of human knowledge and understanding.
PLATO
Plato explained that the soul can be divided into three parts and that these makeup who we are and are responsible for our behavior.
( a ) Rational / Logical (Ruling Class) seeks truth and is swayed by facts and arguments
( b ) Spirited / Emotional (Military Class) expresses how our feelings fuel our action
( c ) Appetitive / Physical Desires (Commoner) drive you to eat, be sexually aroused, and protect yourself
“Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom.”
Aristotle
was a student of Plato and known for his exploration of knowledge through “natural philosophy”, which is now known as Science. Like the previous philosophers, he argued that growth starts from within.
Aristotle
According to Aristotle, all human actions are driven by one or more of these seven causes
Chance
Nature
Compulsion
Habit
Reasoning
Passion
Desire
refers to all the moments whose cause cannot be determined. (E.g. Carroll Bryant once said, “No matter how many plans you make or how much in control you are, life is always winging it.”)
Chance
refers to our natural tendencies as human beings. (E.g. Whenever Maria is hungry she gets really irritable and short-tempered.)
Nature
refers to one’s irresistible urge to do something, especially against one’s own conscious will. (E.g. Eve has the tendency to repeatedly check doors, locks, appliances, and other stuff at home, or else she won’t be able to sleep.)
Compulsion
refers to the things we repeatedly do for a long period of time. (E.g. Antonio loves to go to lomian every Sunday because he grew up eating lomi after attending the Sunday mass.)
Habit
refers to actions or responses that are based on logical reasoning. (E.g. I don’t eat junk food because I know that it is not good for my body.)
Reasoning
“Do unto others, what you want others to do unto you.”
ST. AUGUSTINE
refers to the responses that aim to satisfy one’s feelings. (E.g. Whenever I am sad or stressed out, I stay inside my room and express myself through painting portraits.)
Passion
refers to one’s inclination to pleasant things. (E.g. I want to have a haircut just because I want to.)
Desire
He acknowledges that we were created by an absolute and immutable Living God, who is also the creator of the universe. He created a new concept of the identity of the self which for him can be achieved through a twofold process:
ST. AUGUSTINE
philosophy brings together the wisdom of Greek philosophy and the Divine Truths contained in the Scripture.
ST. AUGUSTINE
occurs when we discover who we truly are and realize that we are more than our physical form.
Self-Realization
refers to expressing oneself and behaving in ways that create the desired impression. We usually start to shape ourselves based on how we want to be perceived by others but later on, we realize that it is just a portion of who we are and decide to move to the next stage which is self-realization.
Self-Presentation
Clara is a famous influencer who began as a content creator of clothes and make-up. Before, she consumed most of her time creating the “perfect self-image”
SELF-REPRESENTATION
she realized that they follow her not just because of how she looked and dressed up, but because of the empowerment she gives them as an expressive, independent woman. Now, she refined herself as well as her vision by refocusing on building a community of women that empower each other
SELF-REALIZATION
“Dubito ergo cogito, cogito ergo sum” – I doubt therefore I think, I think, therefore I am.
RENÉ DESCARTES
He also emphasized that the self is the subject that thinks
RENÉ DESCARTES
The self that has full competence in the powers of human reason.
RENÉ DESCARTES
By distancing it from all sources of truth from authority or tradition, the self can only find its truth and authenticity within its own capacity to think.
RENÉ DESCARTES
“Our concept of personal identity must derive from inner experience.”
JOHN LOCKE
“tabula rasa”
JOHN LOCKE
“tabula rasa”
which is translated as empty slate
“The self is a bundle of impressions.”
DAVID HUME
He believed that personal identity is a matter of psychological continuity and is founded in consciousness (awareness).
JOHN LOCKE
He argues that the concept of self is just a basket of perceptions collected from the outside world.
DAVID HUME
To find our true self is almost impossible because the self changes through time, shaped by the situation we are in and the people we are with.
DAVID HUME
“To be is to do.” | “Consciousness is the central feature of the self.”
IMMANUEL KANT
we all have an inner self and outer self which together form our consciousness. Consciousness or awareness of oneself, can only be achieved if we are in touch with both.
IMMANUEL KANT
refers to one’s psychological states and rational intellect
inner self
refers to our senses and the physical world
outer self
(Military Class) expresses how our feelings fuel our action
Spirited / Emotional
(Ruling Class) seeks truth and is swayed by facts and arguments
Rational / Logical
(Commoner) drive you to eat, be sexually aroused, and protect yourself
Appetitive / Physical Desires
What is the socratic method
asking and answering questions
