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Understanding the Self > Philosophical Perspective > Flashcards

Philosophical Perspective Flashcards

1
Q

What happened in 600 BCE?

A

Birth of Philosophy or love for wisdom

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2
Q

What greeks searched for and came up?

A

Knowledge and answers that are both cognitive and scientific in nature

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3
Q

Study of change led to

A

idea of permanence

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4
Q

seek natural explanations to events and phenomena around them

A

Greek Philosophers in Miletus

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5
Q

observed changes in the world and wanted to explain these changes

A

Greek Philosophers in Miletus

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6
Q

What early philosophers sought to understand?

A

the nature of human beings, problems of morality and life philosophies

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7
Q

Mentor of Plato

A

Socrates

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8
Q

Socrates wanted to discover?

A

essential nature of knowledge, justice, beauty, and goodness.

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9
Q

Socrates’ thoughts which are in Plato’s writing

A

The Dialogues

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10
Q

Asking questions and engage the person in a discussion

A

Socratic Method

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11
Q

Someone should be

A

Skilled in detecting misconceptions and revealing them by asking right questions.

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12
Q

The goal of the Socratic Method

A

bring the person closer to the final understanding

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13
Q

“The mission in life is to seek the highest knowledge and convince others who were willing to seek his knowledge with him.”

A

Socrates’ View of Human Nature

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14
Q

the soul helps a person get in touch with his or her?

A

True Self

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15
Q

Inner Goodness

A

Virtue

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16
Q

forces people to use their innate reason by reaching inside themselves to their deepest nature.

A

Socratic Method

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17
Q

Aristocles as real name

A

Plato

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18
Q

Established the Academy

A

Plato

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19
Q

Plato’s Metaphysics

A

Theory of Forms

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20
Q

Refer to what are real

A

Forms

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21
Q

objects that can only be grasped intellectually, not merely by senses.

A

Forms

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22
Q

Characteristics of Forms

A
  1. Ageless or Eternal
  2. Unchanging or Permanent
  3. Unmoving and indivisible
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23
Q

Plato’s Dualism

A

The Realm of Shadows

The Realm of Forms

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24
Q
  • Composed of changing, sensible things which are lesser entities and therefore imperfect and flawed.
A

The Realm of Shadows

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25
Q

Composed of eternal things which are permanent and perfect. It is the source of all reality and true knowledge.

A

The Realm of Forms

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26
Q

Knowledge lies within the person’s soul.

A

Plato’s View of Human Nature

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27
Q

Human beings as microcosms of the universal macrocosms.

A

Plato’s View of Human Nature

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28
Q

Component of Soul that is rational and motivation of goodness and truth.

A

Reason

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29
Q

Component of Soul that is non-rational and is the will or the drive toward action

A

Spirited

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30
Q

Component of Soul that is irrational and lean towards the desire for the pleasures of the body.

A

Appetites

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31
Q

People are blank. Sometimes, however, judgments are made in blank and blank equal to evil.”

A

Intrinsically good

Ignorance

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32
Q

People see shadows of reality only and they believe as real and as knowledge.

A

The Allegory of the Cave

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33
Q

Blank are not real, but Blank are the only real

A

Shadows

Forms

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34
Q

According to Plato, It begins with a feeling of something lacking

A

Love

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35
Q

Blank is a process of seeking higher stages of being

A

Love

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36
Q

Concern were God and Relationship with God

A

Christian Philosphers

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37
Q

According to Christian Philosophers, blank and blank were the ultimate goals of man

A

Self-knowledge

Happiness

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38
Q

Sees man as basically good and becomes evil through ignorance of what is good

A

Greek Philosophers

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39
Q

Sees man as sinners who reject/go against a loving God’s commands.

A

Christian Philosophers

40
Q

Man is capable of knowing the blank, which is God

A

Eternal Truths

41
Q

Who is within man and transcends man?

A

God

42
Q

St. Augustine’s View of Human nature

A

God as the source of reality and truth

The Sinfulness of man

43
Q

What is the cause of sin or evil?

A

Act of freewill

44
Q

Can be achieved through the grace of God

A

Moral Goodness

45
Q

when a man loves the wrong things

A

Disordered love

46
Q

“For God is love and he created humans for them to also love”

A

The Role of Love

47
Q

Love for physical objects leads to

A

Sin of greed

48
Q

Love for other people is?

A

Not lasting

49
Q

Excessive love for people leads to

A

Sin of Jealousy

50
Q

Love for the self leads to

A

The sin of people

51
Q

Love for God is?

A

The supreme virtue

52
Q

How does man find real happiness?

A

Only through loving God

53
Q

Who said that Soul is within the Body and the body needs a soul?

A

Aristotle

54
Q

A life-changing event according to Aristotle

A

Catharsis

55
Q

Father of Modern Philosophy and one of the Rationalist Philosophers of Europe

A

Rene Descartes

56
Q

Two powers of Mind

A

Intuition

Deduction

57
Q

the ability to apprehend direction of certain truths.

A

Intuition

58
Q

the power to discover what is not known by progressing in an orderly way from what is already known.

A

Deduction

59
Q

According to Rene Descartes’ View of Human nature, a thing that doubts, understands, affirms, denies, wills, refuses and also imagines and feels.

A

thinker

60
Q

The body is like a machine controlled by the will and aided by the mind.

A

Mind-Body Problem

61
Q

According to who?knowledge results from ideas produced posteriori or objects that were experienced

A

John Locke

62
Q

Objects are experience through senses

A

Sensation

63
Q

The mind looks at the objects that were experienced to discover relationships that may exist between them.

A

Reflection

64
Q

ideas are not innate but rather the mind at birth is a blank slate or neutral called?

A

Tabula Rosa

65
Q

According to Locke’s View of Human Nature, it depends on the conformity of a person’s behavior towards some law

A

Moral Good

66
Q

According to Locke, what law where praiseworthy actions are virtues and those are not are vices?

A

Law of Opinion

67
Q

According to Locke, what law where right actions are enforced by people in authority

A

Civil law

68
Q

According to Locke, what law where set by God on the actions of man

A

Divine Law

69
Q

He relied on the scientific method, believing that it could analyze human nature and explain the workings of the mind.

A

David Hume

70
Q

Two types of perception according to David Hume

A

Impression and Ideas

71
Q

Type of perception that immediate sensations of external reality

A

Impression

72
Q

Type of perception which is defined as recollections of the impressions

A

Ideas

73
Q

Three principles of patterns of thinking

A
  1. The principle of resemblance – repetition
  2. The principle of contiguity – continuation
  3. The principle of cause and effect – causation
74
Q

According to David Hume’s View of Human Nature, self is?

A

a product of imagination

75
Q

According to David Hume’s View of Human Nature, there is no such thing as blank behind perceptions and feelings that come and go; there is blank self.

A

personal identity

no permanent/unchanging self

76
Q

Founder of German Idealism and wrote a critique of Pure Reason, Critique of Practical reason, and Critique of Judgment.

A

Immanuel Kant

77
Q

Mind is not a blank of sense experience but rather blank in knowing the objects it experiences.

A

passive receiver

actively participates

78
Q

According to Kant’s View of Human Nature, what is the experience of the self and its unity with objects?

A

Transcendental Apperception

79
Q

Who introduced Psychodymanic theory has characteristics of philosophical thought?

A

Sigmund Freud

80
Q

Structure of the Mind according to Sigmund Freud that is based on the pleasure principle

A

Id

81
Q

Structure of the Mind according to Sigmund Freud that is based on the reality principle

A

Ego

82
Q

Structure of the Mind according to Sigmund Freud that is dependent on learning the difference between right or wrong

A

Super Ego

83
Q

Blank or Life Instinct; the energy is called Blank and urges necessary for survival like thirst, hunger, sex, etc.

A

Eros

Libido

84
Q

Blank or Death Instinct; behavior that is directed towards destruction

A

Thanatos

85
Q

Who contradicted Cartesian Dualism?

A

Gilbert Ryle

86
Q

According to Ryle, it is a type of knowledge that uses facts in the performance of skills or technical abilities

A

Knowing-How

87
Q

According to Ryle, it is a type of knowledge that knows facts

A

Knowing That

88
Q

Blank is worthless if not used to solve practical problems

A

Knowledge

89
Q

Coined the term Neurophilosophy

A

Patricia Churchland

90
Q

They sought to guide scientific theorizing with philosophy

A

Patricia & Paul Churchland

91
Q

responsible for the identity known as the self

A

Man’s brain

92
Q

Aims to explore the relevance of the neuroscientific studies to the philosophy of mind

A

Neurophilosophy

93
Q

responsible for thoughts, feelings, and behavior

A

Brain

94
Q

According to Churchland’s view of human nature, • The self is blank, that it is the tool that helps the person blank to the realities of the brain and the extent reality.

A

real

tune in

95
Q

Philospoher of the body

A

Maurice Merleau–Ponty

96
Q

According to Ponty, The world and the sense of self are blank in the ongoing process of man’s becoming.

A

emergent phenomena

97
Q

According to Ponty, Blank is a process that includes sensing as well as interpreting/reasoning.

A

Consciousness

Understanding the Self (8 decks)

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