Philosophical Foundation Flashcards
1
Q
Ideas are the only true reality.
A
Idealism
2
Q
Independent from the material world.
A
Idealism
3
Q
Ideas are innate
A
Idealism
4
Q
What exists is in the mind only.
A
Idealism
5
Q
Values, perfect being (God), and spirits
A
Idealism
6
Q
Dreams and wants
A
Idealism
7
Q
Who is the proponent of Idealism?
A
Plato
8
Q
He is the proponent of Realism.
A
Aristotle
9
Q
Independent on the human mind.
A
Realism
10
Q
Reality is not in the mind but in the external world.
A
Realism
11
Q
Ultimate reality is the world of physical objects.
A
Realism
12
Q
What does objective mean according to Aristotle?
A
To see is to believe
13
Q
What is real is actual
A
Realism
14
Q
Fulfillment of the idealistic ideas.
A
Realism
15
Q
Supporters of Realism
A
- John Amos Comenius
- John Locke
16
Q
Father of Modern Education who stated that if you have realistic activities, utilize them for a meaningful experience.
A
John Amos Comenius
17
Q
Legitimate knowledge arises from what is provided to the mind by the senses.
A
Empiricism
18
Q
Who is the proponent of Empiricism?
A
John Locke
19
Q
Sources of knowledge are sense-based experience and data.
A
Empiricism
20
Q
Experience through the use of senses is the source of knowledge.
A
Empiricism
21
Q
The source of knowledge is through observations.
A
Empiricism
22
Q
In Empiricism, what type of data can you gather through senses?
A
Empirical Data
23
Q
The younger the learner, the more senses should be involved. The more senses involved, the more learning.
A
Empiricism
24
Q
Reality is subjective, hence it lies within the individual.
A
Existentialism
25
Existence precedes essence
Existentialism
26
Individual choice and responsibility
Existentialism
27
Unique individuals
Existentialism
28
Who is the proponent of Existentialism?
Soreen Kierkegaard and Jean Paul Sartre
29
You get to choose and decide
Existentialism
30
Choice and freedom are not absolute since they have what?
Consequences
31
Man's freedom of in accomplishment of his destiny: freewill
Existentialism
32
Who is the proponent of Essentialism?
William Bagley
33
Going back to the basics
Essentialism
34
It focuses on the 3Rs
Essentialism
35
What does 3Rs mean?
Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic
36
Before you teach higher learning, basic foundation skills should be developed first.
Essentialism
37
Subject matter is the center of the educational process
Essentialism
38
The teacher is the authority (teacher-centered)
Essentialism
39
Specialization and specialized subjects
Essentialism
40
Basic skills in specialized subjects should be mastered and taught to the students
Essentialism
41
Essence precedes existence
Essentialism
42
Who is the proponent of Perennialism?
Robert Hutchins
43
Education involves confronting the problems and questions that have challenged people over the centuries.
Perennialism
44
Relevant years ago, now, and until the future
Perennialism
45
Everything is forever
Perennialism
46
There is a need to study classical tradition of great books.
Perennialism
47
Give examples of these great books
1. Bible
2. Quran
3. Noli Me Tangere
4. El Filibusterismo
48
Views education as a recurring process based on eternal truths
Perennialism
49
This is defined as things that will never change
Eternal truths
50
Change does not exist; hence, forever is real
Perennialism
51
Study of humanities and generalized subjects
Perennialism
52
Its curriculum is fixed and subject-centered
Perennialism
53
Subject-centeredness in Perennialism relies heavily on disciples like what?
Literature, Mathematics, Languages, and History
54
He hates Essentialism because you may forget the general knowledge due to focusing on specialization.
Robert Hutchins
55
Who is the proponent of Utilitarianism?
Herbert Spencer
56
Vocational and Professional Education
Utilitarianism
57
When we say VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, which characteristic of the person is this referring to?
Being skillful
58
When we say PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION, what does it mean?
A degree
59
Industrialized society require VOCATIONAL and PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION based on ___ and ___ objectives.
scientific; practical (utilitarian)
60
Industrialized society require VOCATIONAL and PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION based on scientific and practical objectives rather than on the very ___ educational goals associated with ___ and ___ education.
general; humanistic; classical
61
To survive in a complex society, Spencer favors ___ education over ___ education.
specialized; general
62
Utilitarianism is from the word utility which means what?
Usefulness (Vocational)
63
What philosophical foundation said that after you finish your PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION, you should equip yourself with vocational skills.
Utilitarianism
64
Who is the proponent of Pragmatism?
Charles Sanders Pierce
65
Change and practicality
Pragmatism
66
The meaning of an idea can be determined by the consequence of its tests
Pragmatism
67
According to Pragmatism, if it works in practice, it is __ or __
true; good
68
Believes in change as the essence of reality
Pragmatism
69
Experimental method
Pragmatism
70
Practicality and application
Pragmatism
71
TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL SUBJECTS
Pragmatism
72
We change if its practical because practicality is for the better
Pragmatism
73
Who is the proponent of Progressivism?
John Dewey
74
Directly grew from pragmatic philosophy
Progressivism
75
Education should focus on the whole child
Progressivism
76
Learner is a problem solver who makes meanings through experience.
Progressivism
77
A learner learns well if through active interplay with others
Progressivism
78
Learning by doing principle
Progressivism
79
Strike while the iron is hot
Progressivism
80
Methods: Scientific Method and Problem Solving
Progressivism
81
Teacher should give students hands-on and engaging activities
Progressivism
82
Students are active learners
Progressivism
83
Who is the proponent of Behaviorism?
John Watson
84
A behavior can be best explained in terms of RESPONSES to external STIMULI
Behaviorism
85
Human beings are shaped entirely by their environment (forced)
Behaviorism
86
Rewards and reinforcement
Behaviorism
87
What strengthens the action?
Rewards / Reinforcements
88
What weakens the action?
Punishments
89
Who proposed Social Reconstructivism?
George Counts, Harold Rugg, Theodore Brameld
90
Students are encouraged to become involved in the problems whether political, social, or economical.
Social Reconstructivism
91
Students shall arrive at solutions in order to reconstruct society.
Social Reconstructivism
92
Crisis
Social Reconstructivism
93
Chief purpose of all educational efforts is to "reconstruct" society in order to meet cultural crisis of times
Social Reconstructivism
94
Who is the proponent of Rationalism?
Rene Descartes
95
Knowledge can be derived through REASON and INTUITION
Rationalism
96
Understanding of the world is based on the use of REASON as the means of attaining knowledge.
Rationalism
97
Mental powers and reason (concept)
Rationalism
98
Virtue and happiness can be obtained through the knowledge of God.
Rationalism
99
Your desire to know why
Rationalism
100
All things have reasons/ whys
Rationalism
101
Who is the proponent of Hedonism?
Arristipus (Aristotle - Platypus)
102
Please is the only good thing
Hedonism
103
They will do anything whether it's morally right or wrong in order to attain pleasure.
Hedonists
104
Extreme pleasure
Hedonism
105
Who is the proponent of Epicureanism?
Epicurus
106
A form of ancient hedonism
Epicureanism
107
Highest please consists of simple and moderate life
Epicureanism
108
Pleasure is attainable only by reason
Epicureanism
109
Contentment
Epicureanism
110
We should seek pleasure, but that we should not over indulge in our pleasures.
Epicureanism
111
Who is the proponent of Stoicism?
Zeno of Citium
112
Endure
Stoicism
113
If there are difficulties and adversities, you have to patiently accept them and ENDURE them
Stoicism
114
The harder the circumstance, the sweeter the success.
Stoicism
