PHILIPPINE SOCIETY UNDER SPANISH RULE Flashcards
“En cada fraile tenia el rey en Filipinas un capitan general y un ejercito entero”
“In each friar in the Philippines, they had a captain and a whole army” - Mexican Viceroy
The situation of the Philippines: (2)
and is said by _________
la soberania monacal (monastic supremacy) or frailocracia (friarocracy)
Marcelo H. del Pilar
Even ASSIMILATION between the colonizers and the locals was (quite literally) centered around
religion
The missionaries and the encomenderos were ordered to collect all the scattered Filipinos together. _________ (resettlement) w/ the _______/casa real/plaza complex as the focal point/center.
reduccion,
convento
were used to attract the locals
christian rites
Processions
Songs
Candle-lights
Clothing of Saints
Festivals
Sinakulo (passion play)
Muslim conflict drama (moromoro)
Who said that by 1892 there are 6,148,250 Christians in the Philippines?
As for those unbaptized which he coined as “________” and those of Muslim faith, ___________, he claims that they cannot be under 500,000 nor exceed a million
Ferdinand Blumentritt
heathens; Mohammedans
External Changes (6)
- colonial churches and convents made of stone
- private homes of cal y canto (lime and mortar)
- water reservoirs (aljibes)
- ethnobotanic specimens (fruits, vegetables, and medicinal herbs)
- geographical records was improved
- changes in clothes
Internal Changes (8)
- cultural Exchange
- theocentric literature (awit, corrido, and metrical romances (narrative poems))
- general art: Printmaking and Engraving
- education
- General Literacy + Religious Indoctrination
- Language Exchange
- Cultural Erasure was often deliberate.
- Name Changes
The change in clothes
kanggan and bahag (loin-cloth) to barong tagalog (camisa chino and trouser) and baro and saya
There were many who also taught in schools as professors, they taught things from literature, chemistry, metaphysics, mathematics, biology, pharmacy, and theology among many others
_________ was different, in music, the piano, painting, drawing, embroidery, artificial flower-making, dressmaking, hair-dressing, lacemaking, laundry work, and sewing.
female education
Though education was not at all accessible until the _______________ - even still, it was difficult for Filipinos to get an education
educational decree of 1863
“The cause of our backwardness and ignorance is the lack of means of ___________, the vice that afflicts us from the beginning until the end of our careers. ” -_________
education,
- Rizal
General Literacy + Religious Indoctrination
“The Church has long proved to be, on the whole, by much the most cheap and efficacious instrument of good government and order— even the common
People learn reading by its aid, so much at least as to enable them to read their prayer- books and other religious manuals. There are very few Indians who are unable to read,
and I have always observed that the Manila men serving on board ships and forming their crew have been much often able to subscribe their names to the ship’s articles than the British seamen on board the same vessels could do. ”
- Blumentritt, 1896
Language Exchange
“Wingfield came across a Dominican missionary who apologized for his bad Spanish, on the ground that having lived continuously for eighteen years with thenatives, speaking Visaya the whole time, he had almost forgotten his own tongue.”
-____________
it was already rare to find a Filipino __ “who still knew how to read them(baybayin), much less write them. All of them read and write our Castilian letters now, ”
-____________
- The Friars of The Philippines
- Sebastian Totanes in 1745
_________ was often deliberate.
For example:
“The early missionaries in the Philippines as those in Mexico were prone to regard the ancient writings equally with the objects used in such worship as was practiced by the native people as works of the evil one, they ruthlessly destroyed these signs of culture whenever and wherever found.” - __________
Cultural Erasure
James Robertson
Filipinos had to adopt Hispanic names as decreed by
_______________
Themes:
- saints
- indigenous & chinese patronymics
- Flora and Fauna
- geographical names
- arts
Governor Narciso Claverfa
________ is a book of surnames in the Philippines
Del Pilar
Luna
Rizal
Mabini
Malantic
Panganiban
Utut
Ung-goy
Casillas
Catalogo alfabetico de apellidos
Only regular fleet service in the Pacific Ocean for 250 years.
- ____ vessels
- Took around _____ days for its trips
The Acapulco Galleon
- Two vessels (one outgoing, one incoming)
- Took around 200 days for its trips