origin and background of family and how it affected his agenda Flashcards
Hokkien Chinese merchant whose roots can be traced from Fujian, China and married a Chinese mestiza, Ines Dela Rosa.
assumed the family surname Mercado (“market”) and converted to Catholicism to steer clear of the anti-Chinese hostility of the Spanish authorities.
Domingo Mercado
He held the position of Gobernadorcillo in 1783
Francisco Mercado
He served as Biñan’s gobernadorcillo in 1808, 1813, and 1823
Juan Mercado
Japanese descent and married Benigna Ochoa
Eugenio Ursua
married Manuel Facundo de Quintos, a lawyer from Pangasinan and came from a family of Chinese mestizos
Regina Ochoa Ursua
She married Spanish-Filipino engineer Lorenzo Alberto Alonso
Her husband, Lorenzo, became a municipal captain of Biñan and invested in American Manila shipping firms.
Brigida de Quintos
Francisco Mercado II was born on _________ in __________
May 11, 1818 in Binal Laguna
Francisco Mercado II was a man of admirable qualities and studied ____________ at the College of San Jose in Manila
Latin and Philoshophy
Jose Rizal called his father “_________” in his student memoirs.
“A Model of Fathers”
This deep admiration and love for his father was evident in the art he created in his honor. In 1881, Jose made a ______ of Don Kiko. Six years later, he carved a _________ of him.
clay bust
life-size wood sculpture
Francisco Mercado II is a __________ of the Dominican-owned hacienda.
tenant-farmer
Francisco chose the unlisted name Rizal that came from the word _______ which means _______ or ________
Ricial
“the green of young growth” or “green fields”
nickname of Rizal’s father
Don Kiko
Teodora Alonso Realonda was born on ____________ in ___________. She received a fine education at prestigious ____________, where she displayed a special inclination toward __________ and ___________.
November 08, 1826 in Manila
Colegio de Santa Rosa
literature and music
______________ acts as Rizal’s reading teacher and critic, and together they would read books in their home library.
Teodora Alonso Realonda
Teodora Alonso Realonda is from a long line of _________, the ruling and educated upper class in the towns during the Spanish occupation
principalia
Jose Rizal full name
José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda
Rizal was born on _______ in ________ and died on ________ in ____________ now called ___________
- born: June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Laguna, Philippines
- died: December 30,1896 in Bagumbayan, now called Lunete, Manila
Jose was chosen by his _______ who was a devotee of the Christian saint ____________
mother
San Jose (St. Joseph)
Protacio is from ________ which is from a Christian Calendar
Gervacio Protacio
Who issues the decree that required Filipinos to adopt Spanish surnames for census and administrative purposes?
It was a common practice, to end up with four surnames: each of the old and new family names of both the mother and the father.
Governor General Narciso Claveria in 1849
The Rizal Siblings (11)
- Saturnina “Neneng” Mercado
- Paciano Mercado
- Narcisa Mercado
- Olimpia “Ypia” Mercado
- Lucia Mercado
- Maria “Biang” Mercado
- Jose “Pepe” Protacio Rizal
- Concepcion Mercado
- Josefa
- Trinidad
- Soledad Mercado
A successful entrepreneur and became a book publisher for the first Tagalog translation of Noli me Tangere
Saturnina “Neneng” Mercado
Paciano Mercado founding member of
La Juventud Liberal
joined Emilio Aguinaldo and became a general of the Philippine Revolution Army until his capture in the 1900s
Paciano Mercado
As their parents grew older and less able to provide care, _____________ stepped into the role of a surrogate father to Rizal. He took responsibility for overseeing his education. Introduced Rizal to the ideals of liberty but also instilled in him a profound awareness of the injustices suffered by their fellow Filipinos under Spanish rule.
looked and found the unmarked grave of Rizal at the Paco cemetery
Narcisa Mercado
died in 1887 from childbirt
Olimpia “Ypia” Mercado
Her husband, Mariano Herbosa was denied to be buried in the Christian cemetery by being the brother-in-law of Rizal
Lucia Mercado
married Daniel Faustino Cruz
Maria “Biang” Mercado
- Died at the age of 3 when she fell severely ill
- Her death was Rizal’s first sorrow in life
Concepcion Mercado
- unmarried and lived together with her younger sister Trinidad until death
- was said to have suffered from epilepsy
- member of the Katipunan
Josefa
- unmarried
- received an alcohol lamp from brother Jose, in which he secretly hid the __________ better known as __________, a poem Rizal wrote on the eve of his death in 1896
Trinidad
“Last Farewell” better known as “Mi Ultimo Adios”,
- the youngest of the Rizal children
- Educated as a teacher and later married Pantaleon Quintero
Soledad Mercado
In his book ___________, he argues that Rizal’s family played a crucial role in his development as a national hero and in shaping modern-day Filipino values.
Rizal Without the Overcoat by Ambeth R. Ocampo
reformation vs revolution
Reformation
Goal: To improve or reform existing institutions or systems, often from within
Method: Changes are usually gradual, and proponents seek to address specific issues or shortcomings without completely overthrowing the existing order.
Revolution
Method: Involves radical and often rapid changes, with the intention of creating a new and fundamentally different societal or political structure.
A broader term that typically refers to a profound and often violent change in political, social, or economic structures within a society.
• encompass: political upheaval, regime change, or a shift in the power structure.
The goal of revolution is usually an extreme or complete change to the status quo, including the replacement of the existing authority.
Family’s Influence on Rizal’s Agenda
- Diverse heritage (open-minded perspective)
- Emotional support and encouragement
- Education and enlightenment
- Economic privilege (Financial stability to study and travel)
- Exposure to social injustices (his personal and family’s experience)
Why is Rizal for reformation?
- Writings as vehicles
- “La Liga Filipina”
- Family’s values and experiences reinforced his belief in the power of education
a civic organization that promotes peaceful reform and unity among Filipinos
“La Liga Filipina”
Commoner’s Perspective
Commoners were often more concerned with their immediate needs and livelihoods.
But not all commoners shared the same perspective.
- His writings resonated grievances of the common people.
- Rizal’s ideas were not simple and had different sides, some folks focused on the parts that seemed more revolutionary.
- The general atmosphere of the time, with growing movements for change, could also make people see Rizal as supporting more radical actions.
