origin and background of family and how it affected his agenda Flashcards

1
Q

Hokkien Chinese merchant whose roots can be traced from Fujian, China and married a Chinese mestiza, Ines Dela Rosa.

assumed the family surname Mercado (“market”) and converted to Catholicism to steer clear of the anti-Chinese hostility of the Spanish authorities.

A

Domingo Mercado

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2
Q

He held the position of Gobernadorcillo in 1783

A

Francisco Mercado

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3
Q

He served as Biñan’s gobernadorcillo in 1808, 1813, and 1823

A

Juan Mercado

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4
Q

Japanese descent and married Benigna Ochoa

A

Eugenio Ursua

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5
Q

married Manuel Facundo de Quintos, a lawyer from Pangasinan and came from a family of Chinese mestizos

A

Regina Ochoa Ursua

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6
Q

She married Spanish-Filipino engineer Lorenzo Alberto Alonso
Her husband, Lorenzo, became a municipal captain of Biñan and invested in American Manila shipping firms.

A

Brigida de Quintos

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7
Q

Francisco Mercado II was born on _________ in __________

A

May 11, 1818 in Binal Laguna

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8
Q

Francisco Mercado II was a man of admirable qualities and studied ____________ at the College of San Jose in Manila

A

Latin and Philoshophy

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9
Q

Jose Rizal called his father “_________” in his student memoirs.

A

“A Model of Fathers”

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10
Q

This deep admiration and love for his father was evident in the art he created in his honor. In 1881, Jose made a ______ of Don Kiko. Six years later, he carved a _________ of him.

A

clay bust
life-size wood sculpture

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11
Q

Francisco Mercado II is a __________ of the Dominican-owned hacienda.

A

tenant-farmer

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12
Q

Francisco chose the unlisted name Rizal that came from the word _______ which means _______ or ________

A

Ricial
“the green of young growth” or “green fields”

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13
Q

nickname of Rizal’s father

A

Don Kiko

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14
Q

Teodora Alonso Realonda was born on ____________ in ___________. She received a fine education at prestigious ____________, where she displayed a special inclination toward __________ and ___________.

A

November 08, 1826 in Manila
Colegio de Santa Rosa
literature and music

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15
Q

______________ acts as Rizal’s reading teacher and critic, and together they would read books in their home library.

A

Teodora Alonso Realonda

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16
Q

Teodora Alonso Realonda is from a long line of _________, the ruling and educated upper class in the towns during the Spanish occupation

A

principalia

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17
Q

Jose Rizal full name

A

José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda

18
Q

Rizal was born on _______ in ________ and died on ________ in ____________ now called ___________

A
  • born: June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Laguna, Philippines
  • died: December 30,1896 in Bagumbayan, now called Lunete, Manila
19
Q

Jose was chosen by his _______ who was a devotee of the Christian saint ____________

A

mother
San Jose (St. Joseph)

20
Q

Protacio is from ________ which is from a Christian Calendar

A

Gervacio Protacio

21
Q

Who issues the decree that required Filipinos to adopt Spanish surnames for census and administrative purposes?

It was a common practice, to end up with four surnames: each of the old and new family names of both the mother and the father.

A

Governor General Narciso Claveria in 1849

22
Q

The Rizal Siblings (11)

A
  • Saturnina “Neneng” Mercado
  • Paciano Mercado
  • Narcisa Mercado
  • Olimpia “Ypia” Mercado
  • Lucia Mercado
  • Maria “Biang” Mercado
  • Jose “Pepe” Protacio Rizal
  • Concepcion Mercado
  • Josefa
  • Trinidad
  • Soledad Mercado
23
Q

A successful entrepreneur and became a book publisher for the first Tagalog translation of Noli me Tangere

A

Saturnina “Neneng” Mercado

24
Q

Paciano Mercado founding member of

A

La Juventud Liberal

25
Q

joined Emilio Aguinaldo and became a general of the Philippine Revolution Army until his capture in the 1900s

A

Paciano Mercado

26
Q

As their parents grew older and less able to provide care, _____________ stepped into the role of a surrogate father to Rizal. He took responsibility for overseeing his education. Introduced Rizal to the ideals of liberty but also instilled in him a profound awareness of the injustices suffered by their fellow Filipinos under Spanish rule.

A
27
Q

looked and found the unmarked grave of Rizal at the Paco cemetery

A

Narcisa Mercado

28
Q

died in 1887 from childbirt

A

Olimpia “Ypia” Mercado

29
Q

Her husband, Mariano Herbosa was denied to be buried in the Christian cemetery by being the brother-in-law of Rizal

A

Lucia Mercado

30
Q

married Daniel Faustino Cruz

A

Maria “Biang” Mercado

31
Q
  • Died at the age of 3 when she fell severely ill
  • Her death was Rizal’s first sorrow in life
A

Concepcion Mercado

32
Q
  • unmarried and lived together with her younger sister Trinidad until death
  • was said to have suffered from epilepsy
  • member of the Katipunan
A

Josefa

33
Q
  • unmarried
  • received an alcohol lamp from brother Jose, in which he secretly hid the __________ better known as __________, a poem Rizal wrote on the eve of his death in 1896
A

Trinidad
“Last Farewell” better known as “Mi Ultimo Adios”,

34
Q
  • the youngest of the Rizal children
  • Educated as a teacher and later married Pantaleon Quintero
A

Soledad Mercado

35
Q

In his book ___________, he argues that Rizal’s family played a crucial role in his development as a national hero and in shaping modern-day Filipino values.

A

Rizal Without the Overcoat by Ambeth R. Ocampo

36
Q

reformation vs revolution

A

Reformation
Goal: To improve or reform existing institutions or systems, often from within
Method: Changes are usually gradual, and proponents seek to address specific issues or shortcomings without completely overthrowing the existing order.

Revolution
Method: Involves radical and often rapid changes, with the intention of creating a new and fundamentally different societal or political structure.
A broader term that typically refers to a profound and often violent change in political, social, or economic structures within a society.
• encompass: political upheaval, regime change, or a shift in the power structure.
The goal of revolution is usually an extreme or complete change to the status quo, including the replacement of the existing authority.

37
Q

Family’s Influence on Rizal’s Agenda

A
  • Diverse heritage (open-minded perspective)
  • Emotional support and encouragement
  • Education and enlightenment
  • Economic privilege (Financial stability to study and travel)
  • Exposure to social injustices (his personal and family’s experience)
38
Q

Why is Rizal for reformation?

A
  • Writings as vehicles
  • “La Liga Filipina”
  • Family’s values and experiences reinforced his belief in the power of education
39
Q

a civic organization that promotes peaceful reform and unity among Filipinos

A

“La Liga Filipina”

40
Q

Commoner’s Perspective

A

Commoners were often more concerned with their immediate needs and livelihoods.

But not all commoners shared the same perspective.

  • His writings resonated grievances of the common people.
  • Rizal’s ideas were not simple and had different sides, some folks focused on the parts that seemed more revolutionary.
  • The general atmosphere of the time, with growing movements for change, could also make people see Rizal as supporting more radical actions.