phases of matter (10)

Question 1

solids (macroscopic)

Answer 1

• have a high density
• have a fixed shape
• have low kinetic energy
• have a fixed volume
• cannot be pressed together

Question 2

liquids (macroscopic)

Answer 2

• do not have a fixed form ; take the shape of the container
• not hard
• have a high density
• have a fixed volume
• can flow

Question 3

gas (macroscopic)

Answer 3

• has no fixed form ; spreads to take the form of the container
• not hard
• low density
• can easily be compressed
• can flow
• does not have a fixed volume

Question 4

describe the relationship of energy and temperature

Answer 4

they are directly proportional, when you increase temperature you increase kinetic energy

Question 5

explain the melting process

Answer 5

when a solid is heated, it’s particles absorb the heat energy - that heat energy turns into kinetic energy which makes the particles move faster. at the melting point the particles are able to overcome the inter molecular forces ; the particles now slide over one another becoming a liquid

Question 6

explain the freezing process

Answer 6

• the temperature is decreased therefor heat is released, because the temperature is decreasing so does the kinetic energy which in turn makes the particles move slower and closer together - forces of attraction set up between these particles and they take up a solid form

Question 7

boiling

Answer 7

• the temperature increases (as well as the heat) hence the kinetic energy increases and the particles move faster therefor the intermolecular forces are overcome turning the liquid to a gas

Question 8

evaporation

Answer 8

• takes place at temperatures lower than boiling point
• only takes place on the surface if the liquid
• takes place slower
• causes cooling because heat is absorbed out of the environment

Question 9

boiling (in terms of evaporation vs boiling)

Answer 9

• occurs at boiling point
• occurs throughout the liquid
• quicker then evaporation
• once it boils, temperature stays constant

Question 10

condensation

Answer 10

• heat energy is released so both temperature and kinetic energy decreases, therefor the particles move slower and closer together - in turn the inter molecular forces become stronger

Question 11

sublimation

Answer 11

• straight from solid to gas

- particles have enough energy to escape into the gaseous phase

Question 12

deposition

Answer 12

straight from gas to solid, elements that can sublimate can do this too

Question 13

A - B (heating curve)

Answer 13

as the temperature increases so does the kinetic energy

Question 14

B - C (heating curve)

Answer 14

temperature is constant

molecules overcome intermolecular forces and move further apart

Question 15

C - D (heating curve)

Answer 15

temperature and kinetic energy increase

Question 16

D - E (heating curve)

Answer 16

temperature and kinetic energy are constant

energy is taken up by molecules and the molecules overcome intermolecular forces and move further apart

Question 17

E - F (heating curve)

Answer 17

Steam

temperature and kinetic energy increases, molecules move further apart

Question 18

A - B (cooling curve)

Answer 18

temperature and kinetic energy decrease, molecules move slower and closer together

Question 19

B - C (cooling curve)

Answer 19

intermolecular become stronger, energy’s is released

temperature and kinetic energy stay constant

Question 20

C - D (cooling curve)

Answer 20

temperature and kinetic energy decrease, molecules move slower and closer together

Question 21

D - E (cooling curve)

Answer 21

intermolecular forces are stronger, energy is released

temperature and kinetic energy are constant

Question 22

E - F (cooling curve)

Answer 22

temperature and kinetic energy decrease

molecules move much slower and it becomes a solid

Question 23

kinetic molecular theory

Answer 23

• all matter is made up if small particles
• the particles move constantly
• there are spaces between particles
• particles are constantly colliding with each other and the wall
• forces of attraction exist between the particles

Question 24

solids (microscopic)

Answer 24

space - have small spaces between the particles
energy - low
movement - particles move little and only vibrate in their position
forces of attraction - very strong intermolecular forces

Question 25

liquid (microscopic)

Answer 25

space - bigger then solids
energy - more then solids less then gas
movement - particles rotate and vibrate simultaneously
forces of attraction - weaker then solids but stronger then gases

Question 26

gas (microscopic)

Answer 26

space - very big spaces between particles
energy - high
movement - particles can move around freely
forces of attraction - weak to no intermolecular forces