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Physical Sciences > chemistry definitions (10) > Flashcards

chemistry definitions (10) Flashcards

1
Q

cation

A

a positive ion formed when a neutral atom has lost one or more electrons

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2
Q

anion

A

a negative ion formed when a neutral atom has gained one or more electrons

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3
Q

diffusion

A

the movement of particles in a high concentration to a low concentration

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4
Q

freezing point

A

the temperature at which a liquid changes it’s phase to become a solid

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5
Q

boiling point

A

the temperature at which vapour pressure of a substance equals atmospheric pressure

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6
Q

melting point

A

the temperature at which a solid changes it’s phase or state to become a liquid

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7
Q

evaporation

A

process of going from liquid to gas

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8
Q

sublimation

A

process of going from solid to gas

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9
Q

condensation

A

process of going from gas to liquid

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10
Q

relative atomic mass

A

the ratio of the average mass of one atom of an element to one twelfth if the mass of an atom of carbon-12

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11
Q

mass number

A

number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

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12
Q

isotope

A

are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons resulting in different atomic masses

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13
Q

orbital

A

region of space where you are most likely to find electrons

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14
Q

atomic radius

A

the measure of the size of an atom ie the distance from the centre of the nucleus to the point where the electron cloud ends

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15
Q

electron affinity

A

the amount of energy released when an atom in the gaseous phase gains an electron to form a negative ion

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16
Q

electrons negativity

A

the measure of the tendency of an atom to attract bonding electrons

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17
Q

first ionisation energy

A

the amount of energy required to remove the first electron from an tom in its gaseous state to from a positive ion

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18
Q

periodicity

A

quality or character of being repeated at intervals

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19
Q

halide

A

binary compound of a hologram with another element or group of elements

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20
Q

covalent bonding

A

a sharing of at least one pair of electrons by two non metal atoms

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21
Q

ionic bonding

A

a transfer of electrons and subsequent electrostatic attraction

22
Q

metallic bonding

A

electrostatic attraction between the positively charged atomic nuclei of metals atoms and a sea of delocalised electrons

23
Q

delocalised electron cloud

A

electrons that are not at a specific point in a group of atoms

24
Q

covalent molecular structures

A

crystal lattice that consist of separate molecules

25
Q

covalent network structures

A

crystal lattice that consists of giant repeating lattices of covalently bonded atoms

26
Q

empirical formulae

A

shows the simplest ratio of atoms in the compound

27
Q

non-polar (pure) covalent bonding

A

equal sharing of bonding electrons

28
Q

polar covalent bond

A

unequal sharing of bonding electrons

29
Q

law of conservation of mass

A

the total mass of substances taking part in a chemical reaction is conserved during the reaction

30
Q

chemical change

A

a change in which the chemical nature of the substances involved changes, new chemical substances are formed

31
Q

physical change

A

a change that does not alter the chemical nature of the substance, no new chemical substances are formed

32
Q

molecular formula

A

concise way of expressing information about the atoms that make up a particular covalent molecular compound

33
Q

molecule

A

when atoms share electrons, are bonded covalently the resulting collection of atoms is known as molecule

34
Q

oxide

A

an ion of oxygen

35
Q

valency

A

the number of electrons in the outer shell of an atom which are able to form bonds with other atoms

36
Q

chemical bond

A

physical process that causes atoms to be attracted to eachother and held together in more stable chemical compounds called molecules

37
Q

group

A

vertical column on the periodic table

38
Q

valence electrons

A

electrons found in the outermost energy level of an atom that can participate in forming chemical bonds with other atoms

39
Q

pauli’s exclusion principle

A

electrons have a property of spin and two electrons must have opposite spin to share a subshell

40
Q

hunds rule

A

electrons would rather be in a subshell on their own than share the orbital in the same energy level

41
Q

neutron

A

particle found in the nucleus of an atom it has no electrical charge

42
Q

electron

A

smallest particle that makes up an atom and is found outside the nucleus it’s negatively charged

43
Q

proton

A

positively charged particle found in the nucleus

44
Q

atomic number

A

number of protons in an atom

45
Q

kinetic molecular theory

A

All matter is composed particles which have a certain amount of energy which allows them to move at different speeds depending on the temperature. there are spaces between the particles and also attractive forces between particles when they come close together

46
Q

brownian motion

A

random motion of particles suspended in a liquid or gas resulting from their collision with quick atoms or molecules in the gas or liquid

47
Q

metalloids

A

elements with mostly non-metallic properties and their distinguishing characteristic is that their conductivity increases as their temperature increases

48
Q

compound

A

a group of 2 or more atoms attracted by relatively strong bonds the atoms are combined in definite proportions

49
Q

element

A

a substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical means

50
Q

homogenous mixture

A

a mixture that is uniform, and the different components cannot be seen

51
Q

heterogenous mixture

A

a mixture that consists of two or more substances that is non-uniform and the different components of the mixture can be seen

52
Q

mixture

A

a combination of two or more substances where these substances are not bonded and no chemical reaction occurs between them

Physical Sciences (19 decks)

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