Pharynx & Nose Flashcards
What is the Choana?
-the opening to the nasopharynx from the nasal cavity
What is the significance of the pharyngeal recess?
- posterior to the opening to the eustachian tube
- most common site of a pharyngeal fistula
What separates the superior constrictor from the inferior constrictor?
-Stylopharyngeus muscle
All muscles of the pharynx are innervated by ________, except for__________.
- CN X
- Stylopharyngeus muscle
What innervates the stylopharyngeus muscle?
-CN IX (only motor branch)
What muscles open the eustachian tube?
- Tensor Palati
- Levator Palati
What innervates Tensor Palati?
-V3
What innervates Levator Palati?
CN X
What is the Ring of Waldeyer and what is its significance?
-Straight line of tonsils: pharyngeal, tubal, palatine, and lingual
- If all inflame at ones can cause respiratory problems
- might be a cause for SIDS
What are the boundaries of the Nasopharynx?
-Choana to tip of uvula
What are the boundaries of the Oropharynx?
-inferior edge of uvula to top of epiglottis
What are the boundaries of the laryngopharynx?
-Top of epiglottis to bottom of cricoid cartilage
Where does the esophagus begin?
-The bottom of the cricoid cartilage
What structure surrounds the pharyngeal orifice of the eustachian tube?
Torus Tubarius
What muscle is located under the opening to the eustachian tube?
-Levator Palatini
What muscles elevate the soft palate to shut off the nasopharynx?
- Tensor Palatini
- Levator Palatini
What nerve carries sensory information from the nasopharynx?
CN IX
What nerve carries sensory information from the uvula?
CN IX
What nerve carries sensory information from the oropharynx?
CN IX
What nerve carries sensory information from the Laryngopharynx?
CN X
All muscles ending in -glossus are innervated by _______ except for __________.
- CN XII
- Palatoglossus.
All muscles of the palate are innervated by ______ except for _______.
-Tensor Palati
What is palatoglossus innervated by?
-CN X
What is Tensor Palati Innervated by?
V3
All muscles in the head beginning with Tensor are innervated by _______.
V3
All muscles of the larynx are innervated by ______ except for the ___________.
- Recurrent Laryngeal (X)
- Cricothyroid
What innervates the cricothyroid?
external branch of the Superior laryngeal (X)
Where are the palatine tonsil, palatopharyngeal arch, and palatoglossal arch found in relation to each other?
Anterior: Palatoglossal arch
Middle: palatine tonsil
Posterior: Palatopharyngeal arch
What is the boundary between the pharynx and oral cavity?
-Palatoglossal fold
What loosely anchors the mucosa of the pharynx to the constrictors?
-Pharyngobasilar fascia
What does the superior constrictor attach to?
-Pterygo-mandibular raphe
What does the Middle Constrictor attach to?
-Hyoid
What does the Inferior Constrictor attach to?
-Thyroid and Cricoid Cartilages
At what vertebral level is the stellate ganglion located?
-C7
At what vertebral level is the Superior cervical sympathetic ganglion located?
-C2-3
At what vertebral level is the middle cervical sympathetic ganglion located?
C6
Where does air flow in the nose during normal inspiration?
-past the inferior concha
Where does air flow in the nose during a sniff?
-past the superior concha
What is a turbinate?
-a concha with mucosa
What is a nasal meatus?
-the space between a concha and the lateral wall of the nose
What is the function of the nasal sinuses?
- Lighten skull
- Add resonance
**protect the brain from temperature of inspired air
What nerve carries sensory information from the mucosal surface of the anterior (cartilaginous) portion of the nose?
-Nasociliary branch of V1
What nerve carries sensory information from the mucosal surface of the middle portion of the nose?
Nasopalatine branches of V2
What nerve innervates the pharyngotympanic tube and middle ear cavity (sensory)?
CN IX
Where do the foramen rotundum and pterygoid canals of the sphenoid bone open?
-pterygopalatine fossa
What passes through the pterygoid canal of the sphenoid bone?
-Sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers from Vidian’s nerve (Greater plus deep petrosal n.)
Which artery gives off the ethmoidals?
Nasociliary branch of the opthalmic artery
What is the site of anastamoses of nasal arteries, often the site of cauderization in chronic epistaxis?
-Kiesselbach’s Area
Which lymph nodes does the tip of the tongue and front lower teeth drain to?
Submental nodes
Which lymph nodes does the body of the tongue, upper teeth, and lower side teeth drain to?
-Submandibular nodes
Which lymph nodes does the posterior tongue drain to?
-Jugulo-digastric nodes
and
-Lingual/palatine tonsils
Which lymph nodes does the middle ear cavity drain to?
Tubal Tonsil
Which lymph nodes does the Nasal cavity/pharynx drain to?
-tonsils then to cervical nodes
Which lymph nodes does the Larynx and Thyroid gland drain to?
-pre and paratracheal nodes
What is the sentinal node for the head?
-Jugulo-digastric node
What is the sentinel node for the Neck?
-Jugulo-omohyoid node
Where does lymph drain from the tonsils?
-Deep cervical nodes then jugulodigastric
