Neck Flashcards
What passes through the foramen transversarium?
-the Vertebral artery
What is another name for C1?
Atlas
What is another name for C2?
Axis
Which vertebra is the dens on?
C2 (axis)
Which motion does our atlanto-axial joint allow?
turning of head side to side “no”
Which motion does our atlanto-occipital joint allow?
Nodding of head “yes”
sideways tilting
What structure is the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane a continuation of?
-ligamentum flavum
What structure is the anterior atlanto-occipital membrane a continuation of?
-Anterior longitudinal ligament
What structure is the tectorial membrane a continuation of?
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Which vertebral level is the hyoid bone associated with?
C3
What is the most common cause of a hyoid bone fracture?
Strangulation by compression of the throat
What three compartments does the deep fascia divide the neck into?
- visceral
- vascular
- vertebral
What is contained within the vascular compartment of the neck aka the carotid sheath?
- common carotid
- internal juggular
- vagus nerve
Which fascia of the neck contains the platysma muscle?
the superficial fascia of the neck
Which nerve supplies the platysma?
CN VII
What are the three parts of the deep fascia of the neck?
- investing
- pretracheal
- prevertebral
***all three contribute to the carotid sheath
What is contained within the investing portion of the deep fascia of the neck?
- trapezius
- sternocleidomastoid
What is contained within the pretracheal portion of the deep fascia of the neck?
- thyroid gland
- larynx/trachea
- pharynx/esophagus
- infrahyoid muscles
What does the prevertebral deep fascia become ventral to the neck?
it extends laterally to become the axillary sheath
What passes through the suboccipital triangle?
Suboccipital nerve
What does the omohyoid muscle divide the lateral cervicle region into?
- occipital triangle (superior)
- omoclavicular/subclavicular triangle (inferior)
What innervates the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
CNXI
What is torticollis?
- intermittent or stained contractions of sternocleidomastoid
- head leans to one side or is pulled forward/backward
What can distended external jugular vein indicate?
- heart failure
- SVC obstruction
- enlarged lymph nodes
- increased intrathoracic pressure
What innervates the Mylohyoid?
CN V3
What innervates the Geniohyoid?
C1
What innervates the Stylohyoid?
CN VII
What innervates the Digastric muscle?
Anterior: CN V3
Posterior: VII
What defines the submental triangle?
- Hyoid bone
- Anterior bellies of the digastric
- Mylohyoid muscles/fibrous raphe
- Mandibular symphysis
What defines the muscular triangle?
- Superior belly of omohyoid
- Anterior border of SCM
- Median plane of the neck
What is contained within the muscular triangle?
- Infrahyoid muscle
- Thyroid gland
- Parathyroid gland
What defines the carotid triangle?
- Superior belly of the omohyoid
- Posterior belly of the digastric
- Anterior border of SCM
What is contained within the carotid triangle?
- Common carotid artery
- Internal carotid
- External carotid
- Internal jugular vein
- Cervical plexus
- CNXI
- CNXII
- Deep cervical lymph nodes
- Vagus nerve
What is contained within the submental triangle?
- Small submental lymph nodes
- Veins that unite to form the anterior jugular vein
What innervates the carotid sinus?
CNIX and CNX
What does the carotid body do?
Chemoreceptor - detects oxygen levels
What are the posterior branches of the external carotid?
- ascending pharyngeal
- occipital
- posterior auricular
What are the anterior branches of the external carotid?
- Superior thyroid
- Lingual
- Facial
What does the carotid sinus do?
baroreception
What structure feeds into the internal jugular vein?
Sigmoid sinus
Where does the internal jugular vein pass in relation to Sternocleidomastoid?
it passes deep to SCM
WHat are the three sympathetic ganglia of the cervical region and what are their vertebral levels?
Superior (C1/C2)
Middle (C6)
Inferior (C7)
What forms if the inferior cervical ganglion fuses with the first ganglion of the thoracic cavity?
Stellate ganglion
What is Horner’s Syndrome?
-cause by a lesion of the sympathetic trunk, Sx’s on same side as lesion
- contraction of pupil
- drooping of superior eyelid
- absence of sweating on affected side
What is present in 50% of thyroids?
Pyramidal lobe
**important consideration for thyroidectomy for cancer or Grave’s
What information do the superficial branches of the cervical plexus carry? What spinal levels?
Sensory
C2-C4
What information do the deep branches of the cervical plexus carry? What spinal levels?
Motor
C1-C4
