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Term 3: Head and Neck > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What passes through the foramen transversarium?

A

-the Vertebral artery

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2
Q

What is another name for C1?

A

Atlas

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3
Q

What is another name for C2?

A

Axis

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4
Q

Which vertebra is the dens on?

A

C2 (axis)

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5
Q

Which motion does our atlanto-axial joint allow?

A

turning of head side to side “no”

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6
Q

Which motion does our atlanto-occipital joint allow?

A

Nodding of head “yes”

sideways tilting

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7
Q

What structure is the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane a continuation of?

A

-ligamentum flavum

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8
Q

What structure is the anterior atlanto-occipital membrane a continuation of?

A

-Anterior longitudinal ligament

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9
Q

What structure is the tectorial membrane a continuation of?

A

Posterior longitudinal ligament

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10
Q

Which vertebral level is the hyoid bone associated with?

A

C3

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11
Q

What is the most common cause of a hyoid bone fracture?

A

Strangulation by compression of the throat

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12
Q

What three compartments does the deep fascia divide the neck into?

A
  • visceral
  • vascular
  • vertebral
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13
Q

What is contained within the vascular compartment of the neck aka the carotid sheath?

A
  • common carotid
  • internal juggular
  • vagus nerve
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14
Q

Which fascia of the neck contains the platysma muscle?

A

the superficial fascia of the neck

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15
Q

Which nerve supplies the platysma?

A

CN VII

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16
Q

What are the three parts of the deep fascia of the neck?

A
  • investing
  • pretracheal
  • prevertebral

***all three contribute to the carotid sheath

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17
Q

What is contained within the investing portion of the deep fascia of the neck?

A
  • trapezius

- sternocleidomastoid

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18
Q

What is contained within the pretracheal portion of the deep fascia of the neck?

A
  • thyroid gland
  • larynx/trachea
  • pharynx/esophagus
  • infrahyoid muscles
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19
Q

What does the prevertebral deep fascia become ventral to the neck?

A

it extends laterally to become the axillary sheath

20
Q

What passes through the suboccipital triangle?

A

Suboccipital nerve

21
Q

What does the omohyoid muscle divide the lateral cervicle region into?

A
  • occipital triangle (superior)

- omoclavicular/subclavicular triangle (inferior)

22
Q

What innervates the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

CNXI

23
Q

What is torticollis?

A
  • intermittent or stained contractions of sternocleidomastoid
  • head leans to one side or is pulled forward/backward
24
Q

What can distended external jugular vein indicate?

A
  • heart failure
  • SVC obstruction
  • enlarged lymph nodes
  • increased intrathoracic pressure
25
Q

What innervates the Mylohyoid?

A

CN V3

26
Q

What innervates the Geniohyoid?

A

C1

27
Q

What innervates the Stylohyoid?

A

CN VII

28
Q

What innervates the Digastric muscle?

A

Anterior: CN V3

Posterior: VII

29
Q

What defines the submental triangle?

A
  • Hyoid bone
  • Anterior bellies of the digastric
  • Mylohyoid muscles/fibrous raphe
  • Mandibular symphysis
30
Q

What defines the muscular triangle?

A
  • Superior belly of omohyoid
  • Anterior border of SCM
  • Median plane of the neck
31
Q

What is contained within the muscular triangle?

A
  • Infrahyoid muscle
  • Thyroid gland
  • Parathyroid gland
32
Q

What defines the carotid triangle?

A
  • Superior belly of the omohyoid
  • Posterior belly of the digastric
  • Anterior border of SCM
33
Q

What is contained within the carotid triangle?

A
  • Common carotid artery
  • Internal carotid
  • External carotid
  • Internal jugular vein
  • Cervical plexus
  • CNXI
  • CNXII
  • Deep cervical lymph nodes
  • Vagus nerve
34
Q

What is contained within the submental triangle?

A
  • Small submental lymph nodes

- Veins that unite to form the anterior jugular vein

35
Q

What innervates the carotid sinus?

A

CNIX and CNX

36
Q

What does the carotid body do?

A

Chemoreceptor - detects oxygen levels

37
Q

What are the posterior branches of the external carotid?

A
  • ascending pharyngeal
  • occipital
  • posterior auricular
38
Q

What are the anterior branches of the external carotid?

A
  • Superior thyroid
  • Lingual
  • Facial
39
Q

What does the carotid sinus do?

A

baroreception

40
Q

What structure feeds into the internal jugular vein?

A

Sigmoid sinus

41
Q

Where does the internal jugular vein pass in relation to Sternocleidomastoid?

A

it passes deep to SCM

42
Q

WHat are the three sympathetic ganglia of the cervical region and what are their vertebral levels?

A

Superior (C1/C2)

Middle (C6)

Inferior (C7)

43
Q

What forms if the inferior cervical ganglion fuses with the first ganglion of the thoracic cavity?

A

Stellate ganglion

44
Q

What is Horner’s Syndrome?

A

-cause by a lesion of the sympathetic trunk, Sx’s on same side as lesion

  • contraction of pupil
  • drooping of superior eyelid
  • absence of sweating on affected side
45
Q

What is present in 50% of thyroids?

A

Pyramidal lobe

**important consideration for thyroidectomy for cancer or Grave’s

46
Q

What information do the superficial branches of the cervical plexus carry? What spinal levels?

A

Sensory

C2-C4

47
Q

What information do the deep branches of the cervical plexus carry? What spinal levels?

A

Motor

C1-C4

Term 3: Head and Neck (12 decks)

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