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BMS > Pharynx and Nasal Cavity > Flashcards

Pharynx and Nasal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the divisions of the Pharynx

A

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx

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2
Q

Boundaries of the Nasopharynx?

A

base of skull to soft palate

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3
Q

Boundaries of the Oropharynx?

A

Soft palate to epiglottis

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4
Q

Boundaries of the Laryngopharynx?

A

epiglotiss to esophagus (cricoid cartilage)

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5
Q

What are components of the nasopharynx?

A

Chonae/posterior nares, and the orifice of the auditory/eustacian/pharyngotympanic tube.

The choanae are openings between the nasal pharynx and the cavity. The auditory tube is an opening. At its root is the salpingopharynx.

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6
Q

What are the components of the oropharynx?

A

The palatoglossal arch (anterior), the palatopharyngeal arch (posterior), and the palatine tonsil.

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7
Q

What are the components of the laryngopharynx?

A

The laryngeal additus and the piriform recess.

The laryngeal additus is the opening to the larynx hole that the epiglottis covers when swallowing food. The piriform recesses are the opposite sides of where the internal superior laryngeal nerve pierces the larynx. This also supplies the sensory fibers to the mucosa of the larynx above the vocal folds. Damaging of this nerve results in absence of a gag reflex–the afferent sensory branch of vagus in the piriform recess triggers the gag reflex.

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8
Q

What are the two subgroups of the muscles of the pharynx, and what are their components?

A

Circular outer motor muscles. These are the superior, middle, and inferior constrictors. They are used to push food down the esophagus.
Longitudinal inner motor muscles. These are the stylopharyngeus, the palatopharyngeus, and the salpingopharyngeus. They are used to elevate the pharynx.

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9
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the superior constrictor muscle?

A

Origins: pterygomandibular raphe, medial pterygoid plate, hamulus, lateral root of tongue, mylohyoid line. (Please Mom Make Ham Later)
Insertion: median raphe

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10
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the middle constrictor muscle?

A

Origin: greater horn of the hyoid bone, styloid ligament
Insertion: median raphe

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11
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the inferior constrictor muscle?

A

Origin: thyroid/cricoid cartilages
Insertion: median raphe

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12
Q

Name the gap regions of the skull.

A

Between the base of the skull and the superior constrictor, superior constrictor and middle constrictor, middle and inferior constrictor, and inferior constrictor and esophagus.

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13
Q

What lies between the base of the skull and the superior constrictor muscle?

A

Auditory tube (enters pharynx to make connection to outer ear) and levator veli palatini

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14
Q

What lies between the superior and middle constrictors?

A

Stylopharyngeus muscle, and CN IX (the glossopharyngeus nerve)

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15
Q

What lies between the middle and inferior constrictors?

A

The internal laryngeal nerve and the superior laryngeal artery.

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16
Q

What lies between the inferior constrictor muscles and the esophagus?

A

The recurrent laryngeal nerves and the inferior laryngeal artery.

17
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the palatopharyngeus (posterior arch)?

A

Origin: hard palate, palatine aponeurosis
Insert: wall of the pharynx

18
Q

What is the origin and the insertion of the stylopharyngeus?

A

Origin: Styloid process
Insertion: wall of the pharynx

19
Q

What is the origin and the insertion of the salpingopharyngeus?

A

Origin: The salpinx/cartilage end of the auditory tube
Insertion: wall of the pharynx

20
Q

What are the layers of the wall of the pharynx, going from external to internal?

A
  1. Fibrous - buccopharyngeal fascia (right against the prevertebral fascia)
  2. Muscular - outer circular and inner longitudinal skeletal muscles
  3. Fibrous - pharyngobasilar fascia
  4. Submucosa
  5. Mucous membrane - nasopharynx (respiratory epithelium), oral and laryngopharynx (stratified squamous epithelium)-sharp doritos
21
Q

What innervates the muscles of the pharynx?

A

All motor muscles except the stylopharyngeus (CN IX) are innervated by CN X.

22
Q

Discuss the somatic sensation and innervation of the pharynx?

A

Afferents from the pharynx are via the pharyngeal plexus (which also carries efferents). Most sensory innervation is from CN IX, which contributions from V2 and X.

23
Q

What separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity?

A

The hard and soft palates

24
Q

What are the three bumps in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

A

Superior, middle, and inferior nasal concha.

25
Q

Which bones do the conchas belong to?

A

Superior and middle belong to ethmoid. The Inferior nasal concha (tubernate) is its own separate bone.

26
Q

What occurs for drainage at the superior nasal meatus?

A

Sphenoidal sinus drains into the sphenoethmoidal recess above the superior nasal meatus.

27
Q

What drains into the middle nasal meatus?

A

FAMM: frontal sinus (semilunar hiatus via frontonasal duct), anterior ethmoidal cells (semilunar hiatus), middle ethmoidal cells (ethmoidal bulla), Maxillary sinus (ethmoid bulla, maxillary osteum)

28
Q

What drains into the inferior nasal meatus?

A

Nasolacrimal duct from orbit

29
Q

Discuss the anatomy of olfactory epithelium?

A

specialized nerve endings of the olfactory bulb sitting on the cribiform plate of ethmoid bone, sending specialized epithelium for smell. lines the lateral wall and septum.

30
Q

Describe the innervation of olfaction?

A

Olfactory nerve (CN I) is a bundle of nerves from the olfactory bulb.

31
Q

What are the three major artery branches of the nasal cavity?

A

The maxillary artery (from pterygopalatine fossa to nasal cavity, sphenopalatine artery and greater palatine), the facial artery (septal branch of superior labial artery) and ethmoidal artery (branch of opthalmic artery, anterior and posterior arteries coming down the cribiform plate to supply septum and the wall)

32
Q

What is Kiessalback’s plexus?

A

Anastomosis on the nasal septum involving all arteries. Also important for thermoregulation.

33
Q

What innervates the antero-superior portion of the nasal cavity?

A

CN V1 - branches of nasociliary from the opthalmic nerve ->
Nasal branches of the anterior ethmoidal nerve
comes down the cribiform plate to innervate the anterior

34
Q

How do nerves and arteries distribute in the nasal cavity?

A

branches of V2 and artery branches pair up and distribute to the same name areas except: the sphenopalatine artery and nasopalatine nerve and the posterior/inferior lateral nasal branches.

35
Q

What innervates the posterio-inferior portion of the nasal cavity?

A

V2 - nasopalatine nerve of the maxillary nerve to septum and posterior superior/inferior lateral from great palatine to lateral wall.

BMS (7 decks)

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