Paranasal Sinuses Flashcards
What exits through the greater and lesser palatine foramen?
Greater and lesser palatine nerves and veins
What are the muscles of the soft palate?
Five muscles: tensor veli palatini, levator veli palatini, musculus uvulus, palatoglossus, and palatopharyngeus
What is the origin and the insertion of the tensor veli palatini?
Origin: scaphoid fossa (pterygoid process of sphenoid bone)
Insertion: palatine aponeurosis
What is the origin and insertion of the levator veli palatini? (elevator)
Origin: petrous portion of temporal bone
Insertion: palatine aponeurosis and fibers of soft palate
What is the origin and insertion of the palatoglossus muscle?
Origin: Palatine aponeurosis
Insertion: Tongue
What is the origin and insertion of the palatopharyngeus?
Origin: Palatine aponeurosis
Insertion: upper border of thyroid cartilage, pharynx
What innervates the muscles of the soft palate?
All are from CN X except the tensor veli palatini which is from V3 (muscles of mastication, anterior belly digastric, two tensors)
List the steps that occur during swallowing and associated innervations.
- Tongue raised and pressed against the hard palate (CN XII)
- bolus touches the oropharynx (IX motor reflex, some parts of X)
- pharyngeal isthmus closes (superior constrictor - X, tensor veli palatini - V3, levator veli palatini - X)
- pharyngeal motor muscles contract (stylopharyngeus - IX, palatopharyngeus - X, salpingopharyngeus - X)
- laryngeal vestibule closes - epiglottic and arytenoid - X
- inferior constrictor squeezes bolus into esophagus - X
What are the four paranasal sinuses?
Frontal sinus, ethmoid air cells, sphenoid sinus, and maxillary sinus
What exits through the sphenoethmoidal recess?
Sphenoid sinus
What exits through the superior meatus?
Posterior ethmoidal air cells
What exits through the middle meatus?
middle ethmoidal air cells (ethmoid bulla), hiatus semilunaris, frontal sinus, anterior ethmoidal air cells, maxillary sinus
What exits through the inferior meatus?
nasolacrimal duct
