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BMS > Mouth, Tongue, Sublingual Space > Flashcards

Mouth, Tongue, Sublingual Space Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two cavities of the mouth?

A

The oral cavity proper and the oral vestibule

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2
Q

What are the components of the oral vestibule?

A

Vestibular fornix, labial frenulum, and parotid papilla

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3
Q

What are the components of the oral cavity proper?

A

Uvula, palatine tonsil, palatopharyngeal arch, palatoglossus arch, soft palate

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4
Q

What are the outer borders of the mouth?

A

Philtrum, nasolabial grooves, labiomental groove

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5
Q

What are the components of the lips?

A

Skin, vermillion border, transitional zone, and labial mucosa

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6
Q

What are the three types of oral mucosa?

A

Lining mucosa, masticatory mucosa, and specialized mucosa

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7
Q

What are the properties of lining mucosa?

A

Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium (the unattached gingiva, found in labial/buccal mucosa, alveolar mucosa.

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8
Q

What separates the lining mucosa from masticatory mucosa?

A

The mucogingival line

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9
Q

What are the properties of masticatory mucosa?

A

Stratified squamous parakeratinized epithelium (attached gingiva or the gingiva proper), gingiva and hard palate

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10
Q

What are the properties of specialized oral mucosa?

A

It is on the dorsal surface of the tongue and functions like a masticatory mucosa

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11
Q

List oral mucosa by permability

A

sublingual > buccal > palatal (based on keratinization)

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12
Q

Components of the floor of the mouth

A

submandibular glands, sublingual glands, lingual frenulum, plica sublingualis, Bartholin’s duct, wharton’s duct, deep lingual vein, lingual gingiva

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13
Q

What does the submandibular gland empty through?

A

Wharton’s duct at sublingual papilla = sublingual punctum = sublingual caruncula

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14
Q

What does the sublingual gland empty through?

A

Via Bartholin’s ducts, under a crest of mucosa (fold) called plica sublingualis

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15
Q

What is ankyloglossia?

A

“Tongue-tied”, where tongue attachment to floor of mouth is continuous with lingual frenulum

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16
Q

What nerves innervate the oral cavity?

A

CN V2 (for roof of the mouth), CN IX, CN X, CN VII

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17
Q

Which muscles form the floor of the mouth?

A

Mylohyoid muscle and geniohyoid muscle

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18
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

A

Elevators of the hyoid during eating and swallowing. Mylohyoid, Digastric muscle, stylohyoid.

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19
Q

What are the infrahyoids?

A

Muscles that pull down the hyoid during eating and speaking. Thyrohyoid, omohyoid, and sternohyoid.

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20
Q

What are the three general parts of the tongue?

A

Body, root, apex. There is the dorsum as well, which is the top of the tongue.

21
Q

What are two muscle groups of the tongue?

A

Extrinsic and intrinsic muscle groups

22
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles?

A

Genioglossus (XII), Hyoglossus (XII), Palatoglossus (X - muscle of the palate), Styloglossus (XII)
These muscles allow the tongue to move in space and control the position.

23
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles?

A

Superior longitudinal - under dorsal mucosa (XII), Vertical - along lateral edges (XII), Inferior longitudinal - under ventral mucosa, Transverse - runs through the tongue. Facilitates changes in shape of the tongue.

24
Q

What is the function of the palatoglossus?

A

It pulls tongue and palate together to narrow the oropharyngeal isthmus.

25
Q

What is the function of the genioglossus?

A

It protrudes the tongue, bilaterally depresses, universally wags. Is fan shaped and has anterior attachments to the mandible and the hyoid. Also the largest muscle of the tongue.

26
Q

What is the function of the styloglossus?

A

Retrudes, elevates sides with genioglossus to form a trough during swallowing.

27
Q

What is the function of the hyoglossus?

A

depresses and retrudes the tongue.

28
Q

What innervates the muscles of the tongue?

A

CN XII - the Hypoglossus

29
Q

What are the functions of the longitudinal muscles?

A

They shorten the tongue. The superior longitudinal makes concave shape and flips the tongue up, and the inferior longitudinal makes a convex and flips the tongue down–attaches at side.

30
Q

What are the functions of the vertical muscles?

A

Flattens and broadens the tongue

31
Q

What are the functions of the transverse muscles?

A

Narrows and elongates the tongue for extension.

32
Q

What are the papillae of the tongue?

A

Circumvalate papillae, foliate papillae, filiform, and fungiform

33
Q

Discuss the circumvalate papillae

A

Located anterior the sulcus terminalis, “round valley” to clean out for tastes, has serous (von Ebner) glands, HAS TASTEBUDS

34
Q

Discuss the foliate papillae

A

Located posterior border of tongue, contain variable amounts of lymphoid tissue, HAS TASTEBUDS

35
Q

Discuss the filiform papillae

A

Numerous, general sensory, gives dorsum of tongue the texture, and is keratinized, NO TASTEBUDS

36
Q

Discuss the fungiform papillae

A

Fewer, at distal 2/3 of dorsal tongue, mushroom shaped, high individual variability, HAS TASTEBUDS

37
Q

What are taste buds?

A

Taste buds and taste receptor cells are clusters of 100 polarized neuroepithelial cells- TRC’s have taste pores that allow saliva and food in

38
Q

What are the five basic qualities of taste?

A

Sweet, salty, bitter, sour, umami

39
Q

What are the taste cell types?

A

1: most-abundant, glial like, salt transduction
2: contain receptors for sweet, bitter, umami –known as receptor cells
3: least common, sour detectors, function as relay cells – presynaptic cells

40
Q

What are the types of taste receptors?

A

Class 1 GPCRs - G Protein coupled: bitter
Class III GPCRs: Sweet and Umami
Ion Channels: salt and sour

41
Q

What is the motor innervation pathway of the tongue?

A

Medulla oblongata -> Hypoglossal canal -> Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

BUT: remember that palatoglossus receives motor innervation from the pharyngeal plexus

42
Q

What provides sensory innervation of the tongue?

A

V3 (Mandibular -> lingual nerve), VII (intermediate nerve–taste via chorda tympani and lingual nerve), IX (taste plus general sensation via lingual branches), X (internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve - innervates the pharynx)

43
Q

Describe the vascular pattern of the oral and pharyngeal region.

A

From the external carotid: ascending pharyngeal artery, lingual artery, and facial artery -> mental branch of inferior alveolar artery, superior and inferior labial artery

44
Q

Describe artery flow to the tongue

A

External carotid -> Lingual artery -> dorsal lingual arteries (provides posterior with blood supply), deep lingual artery (supplies body of the tongue), sublingual artery (supplies floor of the mouth)

45
Q

What vascularizes the body of the tongue?

A

Deep lingual artery and venae comitantes

46
Q

What are the two sides of the hyoglossus?

A

Superficial (between mylohyoid and hyoglossus) and Deep (between hyoglossus and genioglossus)

47
Q

What lies superficial to the hyoglossus?

A

lingual nerve, submandibular duct, hypoglossal nerve, and vena comitans of the hypoglossal

48
Q

What lies deep to the hyoglossus?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve and lingual artery

BMS (7 decks)

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