pharynx and larynx Flashcards
highest point of pharynx
base of skull
superior constrictor attaches to the base of the skull
where do all constrictor muscles attach
posteriorly at the pharyngeal raphe
what stabilises the constrictor muscles
longitudinal muscles
- stylopharyngeus
- palatinopharyngeus
- salpingopharygneus
where does the superior constrictor attach
pterygomandibular raphe and base of the skull
where does the middle constrictor attach
stylohyoid ligament (lower portion) lesser horn and greater horn of hyoid bone
where does the inferior constrictor attach
oblique line on the thyroid cartilage
sits on fascia of cricothyroid muscles
cricothyroid cartilage
what fascia stabilises the constrictor muscles
pharyngobasilar fascia
- sits between the constrictor muscles and the mucosa
what runs between the superior and middle constrictor muscle
- lingual artery as it comes off the ECA
- hypoglossal nerve
- glossopharyngeal nerve
- lingual nerve
what runs in the same plain as the superior constrictor
buccinator muscle
- border between the two is the pterygomandibular raphe
what structures pass between the middle and inferior constrictor muscles
- internal laryngeal vessel and neves
pharyngeal tonsil and clinical importance
sits at the roof of the nasopharynx
- common in children to get inflamed and block the nasal cavity from the back e.g. Eustachian tube = middle ear infection
where does the palatine tonsil sit
not in terms of arches
border between oropharynx and oral cavity
why is it important to have the posterior aspect of the nasal cavity open
because this is where the Eustachian tube opens
what innervates the sensory of the nasopharynx
V2
what innervates the sensory of the oropharynx
glossopharyngeal
what innervates the sensory of the laryngopharynx
vagus
pharyngeal plexus
- formed by glossopharyngeal and vagus
- motor supply
what level does cricoid cartilage sit at
C6
another name for Adams apple
laryngeal prominence
arytenoid cartilage
sits on top of cricoid cartilage
important in keeping us alive and breathing
cricothyroid ligament
sits between thyroid and cricothyroid cartilage
its upper border is thicker forming the vocal ligament
-important in allowing us to make noise
false vocal cord
= vestibular ligament
is the thickening in the lower portion of the quadrangular membrane (between epiglottis and thyroid cartilage)
true ligament vs false ligament
true = vocal ligament (cricothyroid ligament)
- runs from thyroid to arytenoid cartilage
- sits closest to the midline
false = vestibular ligament (quadrangular ligament)
-runs from thyroid to arytenoid cartilage
if a patient comes in saying they had fish bones for dinner and know can feel it stuck in their throat, where are the bones most likely to be?
The piriform recess
-lies lateral to the aryepiglottic fold
posterior cricoid-arytenoid and innervation
only muscle which abducts the vocal ligaments (opens airways)
- innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve
what is the blood supply in the larynx, above the vocal cords?
superior laryngeal artery (superior thyroid artery)
what is the blood supply in the larynx, below the vocal cords?
inferior laryngeal artery (inferior thyroid artery)
sensory innervation above ad below the vocal cord
above = superior laryngeal nerve
below = recurrent laryngeal nerve
which innervates muscle of the larynx
vagus –> recurrent laryngeal nerve
most important muscle and why
posterior cricoid-arytenoid
- abducts the vocal ligament
- innervated by recurrent laryngeal
