anterior triangle of the neck

Question 1

what vessels sit in the superficial fascia

Answer 1

the superior veins

= anterior jugular veins

Question 2

infrahyoid muscle

Answer 2

sternohyoid = C2, C3

omohyoid = C2, C3

thyrohyoid = C1

sternothyroid = C2, C3

Question 3

what nerves innervate the muscles of the infrahyoid

Answer 3

C1
C2
C3

ansa cervicalis loop
- only motor

Question 4

Ansa Cervicalis

Answer 4

superior root formed by C1 and inferior root formed by both C2 and C3

provides innervation to the infra hyoid muscles

thyrohyoid = only innervated by C1 (superior root)

Question 5

what structure sits just behind the infrahyoid muscles

Answer 5

thyroid gland

Question 6

where does the thyroid isthmus sit

Answer 6

in front of the 2nd and 3rd tracheal cartilage

Question 7

arterial supply to the thyroid and their origin

Answer 7

• superior thyroid artery (from external carotid)

- inferior thyroid arteries (from subclavian)

Question 8

venous drainage of the thyroid gland

Answer 8

• superior (drains to internal jugular vein)
• middle (drains to left brachiocephalic vein)
• inferior (drains to left brachiocephalic vein)

Question 9

ima artery

Answer 9

present in some patients and comes from the isthmus of the thyroid

Question 10

lymphatic drainage of the thyroid

Answer 10

paratracheal and deep cervical lymph nodes

Question 11

sympathetic innervation of the thyroid

Answer 11

middle cervical ganglion

Question 12

parasympathetic innervation of the thyroid

Answer 12

vagus (recurrent laryngeal nerve)

Question 13

what sits lateral to the thyroid lobes

Answer 13

carotid sheath, containing the common carotid, vagus and internal jugular vein
- common carotid sits closest to the thyroid lobe

Question 14

what nerve sits between the trachea and oesophagus

Answer 14

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 15

embryology of the thyroid

Answer 15

thyroid grows down from the foramen caecum at the base of the tongue as the thyroglossal.

Question 16

thyroid outgrowths from embryology and their locations

Answer 16

lingual thyroid = tongue

accessory thyroid tissue = between tongue and hyoid bone

cervical thyroid = just below thyroid bone

pyramidal thyroid = outgrowth from thyroid

Question 17

supra hyoid muscles

Answer 17

• stylohyoid
• digastric (most anterior)
• mylohyoid
• geniohyoid (deepest)

Question 18

what muscles does V3 innervate

Answer 18

• anterior belly of digastric and mylohyoid muscles

Question 19

what innervates the geniohyoid

Answer 19

C1 (used to be one muscle with thyrohyoid)

Question 20

internal carotid

Answer 20

has no branches within the neck!

Question 21

what forms the external jugular veins

Answer 21

• posterior auricular vein

- retromandibular vein

Question 22

course of the vagus nerve

Answer 22

exits the skull via foramen jugular (with CN 9,10,11)

travels through the carotid sheath beneath the IJV and internal carotid artery
at the root of the neck it stays close to the midline