lecture 2

Question 1

layers of the eyelid

Answer 1

1. skin
2. subcutaneous tissue
3. orbicularis oculi muscle
4. orbital septum
5. conjunctiva
6. tarsus

Question 2

orbicularis oculi

Answer 2

• orbital part and palpebral part
• palpebral part associated with blinking
• innervated by facial nerve

Question 3

orbital septum

Answer 3

extension from periosteal layer of dura mater

Question 4

muscle involved in complete ptosis

Answer 4

lateral palpebral superioris

Question 5

muscle involved in partial ptosis

Answer 5

superior tarsal muscle

Question 6

hornor syndrome

Answer 6

• ptosis
• miosis
• anhidrosis

Question 7

arteries supplying the eyelids

Answer 7

• ophthalmic artery
• facial artery
• superior temporal artery

Question 8

structures running through the tendinous ring (periorbita)

Answer 8

• optic nerve
• ophthalmic artery
• superior division of oculomotor
• abducent nerve
• inferior division of oculomotor
• nasociliary nerve

Question 9

dura mater layers

Answer 9

• periosteal layer (attaches to skull)

- meningeal layer

Question 10

dura mater beyond skull

Answer 10

beyond the foramen magnum only the meningeal layer of the dura mater covers the vertebrae and extends down the spinal cord

Question 11

layer that the meningeal artery runs within

Answer 11

runs between the bony structure of skull and the periosteal layer of the dura mater

Question 12

what artery supplies the dura mater

Answer 12

middle meningeal artery

Question 13

where does the middle meningeal artery enter the skull

Answer 13

through the foramen spinosum

- sits behind pterion

Question 14

what arteries supply the anterior part of the meninges

Answer 14

• anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery

- anterior meningeal arteries from ethmoid artery

Question 15

innervations of the dura

Answer 15

trigeminal

Question 16

what structures run within the cavernous sinus

Answer 16

• abducens

- internal carotid

Question 17

what structures run outside against the wall of the cavernous sinus

Answer 17

• V1 & V2
• oculomotor
• trochlear

Question 18

where are emissary veins seen

Answer 18

between skull and sinuses

Question 19

where are cerebral veins seen

Answer 19

between subarachnoid space and perforate the meningeal layer of the dura mater to enter the dural venous sinus

Question 20

location of cerebral arteries and veins

Answer 20

run in the subarachnoid space

Question 21

location of pterion

Answer 21

• 1 cm circle

- 2.6cm behind and 1.3cm above the posterolateral margin of the frontozygomatic suture

Question 22

superior sagittal sinus

Answer 22

venous structure running at the top of the falx cerebri

Question 23

what are the dural partitions

Answer 23

• falx cerebri
• falx cerebeli
• tentorium cerebeli
• diaphragma sellae