Pharynx And Esophagus

Question 1

The upper gastrointestinal series, also called a barium meal, is a barium examination of the alimentary tract from the pharynx to the _______.

Answer 1

Ligament of Treitz

Question 2

It is as study more dedicated to evaluation of swallowing disorders and suspected lesions of the pharynx and esophagus.

Answer 2

Barium swallow or esophagogram

Question 3

Distension of the pharynx is provided by having the patient _______.

Answer 3

Phonate

Question 4

The pharynx extends from the nasal cavity to the larynx and is arbitrarily divided into three compartments. What are these compartments?

Answer 4

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Hypopharynx

Question 5

These compartment extends from the skull base to the soft palate.

Answer 5

Nasopharynx

Question 6

The oropharynx is posterior to the oral cavity and extends from the soft palate to the ______.

Answer 6

Hyoid bone

Question 7

The hypopharynx (laryngopharynx) extends from the hyoid bone to the _______.

Answer 7

Cricopharyngeus muscle

Question 8

What forms the anterior boundary of the oropharynx?

Answer 8

Base of the tongue

Question 9

These structures separates the larynx from the oropharynx and the hypopharynx.

Answer 9

Epiglottis and aryepiglottic folds

Question 10

These are two symmetrical pouches formed in the recess between the base of the tongue and he epiglottis.

Answer 10

The valleculae

Question 11

The valleculae are divided by what structure medially?

Answer 11

They are divided medially by the median glossoepiglottic fold and bounded laterally by the lateral glossoepiglotic folds

Question 12

These are deep, symmetrical, lateral recesses formed by the protrusion of the larynx into the hypopharynx.

Answer 12

Pisiform sinuses

Question 13

The esophagus extends from the _________ to the gastroesophageal junction.

Answer 13

Cricopharyngeus muscle at the level of C5-6

Question 14

The esophagus is a muscular tubed formed by what muscle layers?

Answer 14

Formed by an outer longitudinal muscle layer and an inner circular muscle layer lined by stratefied squamous epithelium

Question 15

What layer does the esophagus lack?

Answer 15

Serosal layer

Which allows the rapid spread of tumor into adjacent tissues

Question 16

The proximal one-third of the esophagus is predominantly ______ muscle, where as the distal two-thirds, below the aortic arch, is predominantly ______ muscle.

Answer 16

Proximal one-third = striated muscle

Distal two-third = smooth muscle

Question 17

What are the normal extrinsic impressions on the esophagus?

Answer 17

Aortic arch, left main stem bronchus, and the left atrium

Question 18

Distension of the upper esophagus more than ______ mm or the lower esophagus more than ______ mm is abnormal.

Answer 18

Upper esophagus = 10 mm

Lower esophagus = 20 mm

Question 19

The wall of the distended esophagus should not exceed how many mm in thickness?

Answer 19

3 mm

Question 20

The length of the esophagus is tubular, and its termination is saccular.

The saccular termination is called?

Answer 20

Esophageal vestibule

Question 21

The tubulovestibular junction is formed by a symmetrical muscular ring called?

Answer 21

A ring

Question 22

What is the B ring?

Answer 22

The B ring is an asymmetrical mucosal ring or notch that occurs at the junction of esophageal squamous epithelium with gastric columnar epithelium

Question 23

The squamocolumnar junction is marked by a thin ragged line of demarcation seen on double-contrast views of the lower esophagus. The line is called what?

Answer 23

Z line

Question 24

These are considered to be radiographic markers of the GEJ.

Answer 24

The B ring and Z line