Pharynx

Question 1

T/F The pharynx is made up of fibrocartilage tube?

Answer 1

False fibromuscular

Question 2

What are the 3 parts of the pharynx?

Answer 2

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

Question 3

The nasopharynx lies posterior to what?

Answer 3

nasal cavity

Question 4

The oropharynx lies posterior to what?

Answer 4

oral cavity

Question 5

The laryngopharynx lies posterior to what?

Answer 5

larynx

Question 6

The nasopharynx communicates with the nasal cavity through the _____ and with the oropharynx through the _____?

Answer 6

choanae

pharyngeal isthmus

Question 7

Where are the pharyngeal tonsils located?

Answer 7

embedded into the posterior wall of nasopharynx

Question 8

What is the clinical significance of the pharyngeal tonsils?

Answer 8

adenoids, may become enlarges causing difficulty breathing, snoring

Question 9

Where does the pharyngotympanic tube open into?

Answer 9

lateral wall of nasopharynx

Question 10

What does the pharyngotympanic tube connect?

Answer 10

nasopharynx with the middle ear

Question 11

What is the tube that infections can spread through from the nasopharynx?

Answer 11

pharyngotympanic tube

Question 12

Where are the tubal tonsils located?

Answer 12

immediately behind the opening of the pharyngotympanic tube

Question 13

How does the oropharynx communicate with the oral cavity?

Answer 13

through the oropharyngeal isthmus

Question 14

Where are the palatine tonsils located?

Answer 14

oropharynx

Question 15

What is directly deep to the palatoglossal fold?

Answer 15

palatoglossus muscle

Question 16

What is directly deep to the palatopharyngeal fold?

Answer 16

palatopharyngeus muscle

Question 17

What is the space called between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds?

Answer 17

tonsillar fossa

Question 18

What tonsil is the most commonly removed during childhood?

Answer 18

palatine

Question 19

What is the tonsillar ring?

Answer 19

first line of defense against infections and it is made up of the lingual, palatine, tubal, and pharyngeal tonsils around the oropharynx

Question 20

What is the laryngeal inlet?

Answer 20

opening into the larynx

Question 21

What is significant about the piriform fossa and where is it located?

Answer 21

located in the laryngopharynx
a deep piriform fossa can cause halitosis (bad breathe)
food often gets stuck here

Question 22

T/F The constrictor muscles are a part of the external layer of muscles of the pharynx?

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Which of the following is not part of the longitudinal layer of the pharynx?
A. stylopharyngeus muscle
B. palatopharyngeus muscle
C. sternopharyngeus muscle
D. salpingopharyngeus muscle

Answer 23

C. sternopharyngeus muscle

Question 24

Which of the following muscles is not innervated by the vagus nerve?
A. inferior constrictor
B. middle constrictor
C. superior constrictor
D. stylopharyngeus 
E. salpingopharyngeus
F. palatopharyngeus

Answer 24

stylopharyngeus muscle (glossopharyngeal nerve)

Question 25

The 3 constrictor muscles of the pharynx do what?

Answer 25

contract the pharynx during swallowing

Question 26

The stylopharyngeus muscle does what?

Answer 26

elevates pharynx

Question 27

The palatopharyngeus does what?

Answer 27

elevates pharynx, narrows oropharynx

Question 28

What does the salpingopharyngeus muscle do?

Answer 28

elevates the pharynx, opens pharyngotympanic tube

Question 29

What other muscle works with the salpingopharyngeus muscle to open the pharyngotypmpanic tube?

Answer 29

tensor veli palatini

Question 30

What are the 3 nerves of the pharynx?

Answer 30

pharyngeal branch of the vagus
pharyngeal branch of the glossopharyngeal
sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion

Question 31

What does the pharyngeal branch of the vagus supply?

Answer 31

motor to all the muscles of the pharynx except the stylopharyngeus

Question 32

What does the pharyngeal branch of the glossopharyngeal supply?

Answer 32

sensory to the mucosa of the pharynx

Question 33

What are the two arteries of the pharynx?

Answer 33

ascending pharyngeal artery and maxillary artery

Question 34

What is the order of structures from outside to inside of the pharynx?

1. mucosa
2. buccopharyngeal fascia
3. pharyngobasilar fascia
4. constrictor muscles
5. lumen

Answer 34

2, 4, 3, 1, 5

Question 35

Where is the retropharyngeal space and what is its significance?

Answer 35

space between the buccopharyngeal fascia and the prevertebral fascia
it permits free movement of the pharynx and esophagus during swallowing

Question 36

What is the clinical significance of the retropharyngeal space?

Answer 36

hemorrhage from cervical trauma or abscess from pharyngeal infection can cause posterior wall to balloon forward and may cause suffocation

Question 37

Put the steps in order from the beginning of swallowing to the end.

1. palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus muscles squeeze bolus back into the oropharynx and at same time levator palatini and tensor veli palatini muscles elevate the soft palate to close off the pharyngeal isthmus
2. tongue moves bolus back into the oropharyngeal isthmus
3. superior, middle, and inferior constrictor muscles contract in sequence to move food through the oropharynx and laryngopharynx and into the esophagus. peristalsis then propels it downward to the stomach
4. stylopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, and salpingopharyngeus elevate the walls of the pharynx and at the same time the suprahyoid muscles elevate the hyoid bone and the larynx under the bulge of the tongue, which flexes the epiglottis back over the laryngeal inlet

Answer 37

2, 1, 4, 3

Question 38

What does dysphagia mean?

Answer 38

difficulty swallowing

Question 39

What is the pharynx a common pathway for?

Answer 39

food and air