Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses Flashcards
What is the structure that separates the nasal cavity into left and right?
nasal septum
What is the name boundaries of the nasal cavity?
nostrils (nares) to the choanae posteriorly
What is the choanae?
opening into the nasopharynx
What 4 part does the external nose consist of?
tip
root
nares
alae
What forms the roof of the nasal cavity?
nasal bone
frontal bone
cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
body of sphenoid bone
What forms the floor of the nasal cavity?
palatine process of maxilla
horizontal plate of the palatine bone
(these two form the hard plate)
What forms the medial wall of the nasal cavity?
septal cartilage
perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
vomer
What is a deviated septum?
when the nasal septum does not lie in the median plane
What forms the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?
nasal bone frontal process of the maxilla lacrimal bone ethmoid bone inferior nasal concha perpendicular plate of the palatine bone medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone
What are the two functions of the nasal concha?
increase surface area (warming, moistening)
increase turbulance of air (increase olfaction)
What are the four functions of the nasal cavity?
provide an airway
olfaction
warming and moistening of inspired air
cleansing of inspired air
Where is the sphenoethmoidal recess located and what does it receive?
behind superior nasal concha and receives opening of sphenoid sinus
Where is the superior meatus and what does it receive?
below superior nasal concha and receives opening of posterior ethmoidal cells
Where is the middle meatus and what does it receive?
below middle nasal concha and receives openings of frontal sinus, maxillary sinus, middle ethmoidal cells, and anterior ethmoidal cells
Where is the ethmoidal bulla located?
projection into the middle meatus
Where is the hiatus semilunaris and what does it receive?
below ethmoidal bulla and receives frontonasal duct, anterior ethmoidal cells, maxillary sinus
Where is the inferior meatus and what does it receive?
below inferior nasal concha and receives opening of the nasolacrimal duct
What does the nasolacrimal duct connect?
lacrimal sac of the orbit to the nasal cavity
What does the nasal vestibule contain?
hair, sebaceous glands, sweat glands
What is anosmia?
loss of olfaction
What happens to olfaction when you get older?
you loose olfaction receptors at 1% per year after 50
What is the innervation of the olfactory region?
Sensory from olfactory nerve
General sensory from branches of the maxillary and opthalmic divisions of the trigeminal nerve
Autonomic innervation from pterygopalatine ganglion
What is the blood supply to the olfactory region?
sphenopalatine branch of maxillary artery
anterior ethmoidal branch of the ophthalmic artery
What is epistaxis?
nose bleed
What are the two types of epistaxis (nose bleed)?
mild - small branches affect, minor trauma
severe - spurting arterial blood from rupture of sphenopalatine artery
Where do the lymph nodes of the nasal cavity drain?
into the deep cervical nodes
What two factors are associated with the formation of the paranasal sinus?
wolff’s law
decrease weight of skull
What are paranasal sinuses?
cavities found within the bones of the face
Where is the frontal sinus located?
in the frontal bone
What sinus is most prone to infection?
maxillary sinus
Where does the frontal sinus drain to?
middle meatus via frontonasal duct
Where does the maxillary sinus open into?
hiatus semilunaris within the middle meatus
What is the only sinus that may be present at birth?
maxillary sinus
Where does the sphenoidal sinus open into?
in the spenoid bone it opens into the spenoethmoidal recess
What are the three groups of ethmoidal cells that lie in the ethmoidal sinus?
posterior ethmoidal cells - open into superior meatus
middle ethmoidal cells - open into ethmoidal bulla (middle meatus)
anterior ethmoidal cells - open into hiatus semilunaris (middle meatus)
Infection in the paranasal sinuses causes?
sinusitis
Infection in the nasopharynx causes?
acute pharyngitis (sore throat)
Infection of the lacrimal apparatus and conjuctiva via nasolacriminal duct causes?
conjuctivitis (pink eye)
Infection of the middle ear causes?
otitis media (ear infection)
Infection of the anterior cranial fossa causes?
meningitis (brain infection)
Infection of the mastoid air cells causes?
mastoiditis
What is naggleria fowler 1?
brain eating amoeba
What is halo sign?
to check if CSF is in bloody nose
