Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses

Question 1

What is the structure that separates the nasal cavity into left and right?

Answer 1

nasal septum

Question 2

What is the name boundaries of the nasal cavity?

Answer 2

nostrils (nares) to the choanae posteriorly

Question 3

What is the choanae?

Answer 3

opening into the nasopharynx

Question 4

What 4 part does the external nose consist of?

Answer 4

tip
root
nares
alae

Question 5

What forms the roof of the nasal cavity?

Answer 5

nasal bone
frontal bone
cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
body of sphenoid bone

Question 6

What forms the floor of the nasal cavity?

Answer 6

palatine process of maxilla
horizontal plate of the palatine bone

(these two form the hard plate)

Question 7

What forms the medial wall of the nasal cavity?

Answer 7

septal cartilage
perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
vomer

Question 8

What is a deviated septum?

Answer 8

when the nasal septum does not lie in the median plane

Question 9

What forms the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

Answer 9

nasal bone
frontal process of the maxilla
lacrimal bone
ethmoid bone
inferior nasal concha
perpendicular plate of the palatine bone
medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone

Question 10

What are the two functions of the nasal concha?

Answer 10

increase surface area (warming, moistening)

increase turbulance of air (increase olfaction)

Question 11

What are the four functions of the nasal cavity?

Answer 11

provide an airway
olfaction
warming and moistening of inspired air
cleansing of inspired air

Question 12

Where is the sphenoethmoidal recess located and what does it receive?

Answer 12

behind superior nasal concha and receives opening of sphenoid sinus

Question 13

Where is the superior meatus and what does it receive?

Answer 13

below superior nasal concha and receives opening of posterior ethmoidal cells

Question 14

Where is the middle meatus and what does it receive?

Answer 14

below middle nasal concha and receives openings of frontal sinus, maxillary sinus, middle ethmoidal cells, and anterior ethmoidal cells

Question 15

Where is the ethmoidal bulla located?

Answer 15

projection into the middle meatus

Question 16

Where is the hiatus semilunaris and what does it receive?

Answer 16

below ethmoidal bulla and receives frontonasal duct, anterior ethmoidal cells, maxillary sinus

Question 17

Where is the inferior meatus and what does it receive?

Answer 17

below inferior nasal concha and receives opening of the nasolacrimal duct

Question 18

What does the nasolacrimal duct connect?

Answer 18

lacrimal sac of the orbit to the nasal cavity

Question 19

What does the nasal vestibule contain?

Answer 19

hair, sebaceous glands, sweat glands

Question 20

What is anosmia?

Answer 20

loss of olfaction

Question 21

What happens to olfaction when you get older?

Answer 21

you loose olfaction receptors at 1% per year after 50

Question 22

What is the innervation of the olfactory region?

Answer 22

Sensory from olfactory nerve
General sensory from branches of the maxillary and opthalmic divisions of the trigeminal nerve
Autonomic innervation from pterygopalatine ganglion

Question 23

What is the blood supply to the olfactory region?

Answer 23

sphenopalatine branch of maxillary artery

anterior ethmoidal branch of the ophthalmic artery

Question 24

What is epistaxis?

Answer 24

nose bleed

Question 25

What are the two types of epistaxis (nose bleed)?

Answer 25

mild - small branches affect, minor trauma

severe - spurting arterial blood from rupture of sphenopalatine artery

Question 26

Where do the lymph nodes of the nasal cavity drain?

Answer 26

into the deep cervical nodes

Question 27

What two factors are associated with the formation of the paranasal sinus?

Answer 27

wolff’s law

decrease weight of skull

Question 28

What are paranasal sinuses?

Answer 28

cavities found within the bones of the face

Question 29

Where is the frontal sinus located?

Answer 29

in the frontal bone

Question 30

What sinus is most prone to infection?

Answer 30

maxillary sinus

Question 31

Where does the frontal sinus drain to?

Answer 31

middle meatus via frontonasal duct

Question 32

Where does the maxillary sinus open into?

Answer 32

hiatus semilunaris within the middle meatus

Question 33

What is the only sinus that may be present at birth?

Answer 33

maxillary sinus

Question 34

Where does the sphenoidal sinus open into?

Answer 34

in the spenoid bone it opens into the spenoethmoidal recess

Question 35

What are the three groups of ethmoidal cells that lie in the ethmoidal sinus?

Answer 35

posterior ethmoidal cells - open into superior meatus
middle ethmoidal cells - open into ethmoidal bulla (middle meatus)
anterior ethmoidal cells - open into hiatus semilunaris (middle meatus)

Question 36

Infection in the paranasal sinuses causes?

Answer 36

sinusitis

Question 37

Infection in the nasopharynx causes?

Answer 37

acute pharyngitis (sore throat)

Question 38

Infection of the lacrimal apparatus and conjuctiva via nasolacriminal duct causes?

Answer 38

conjuctivitis (pink eye)

Question 39

Infection of the middle ear causes?

Answer 39

otitis media (ear infection)

Question 40

Infection of the anterior cranial fossa causes?

Answer 40

meningitis (brain infection)

Question 41

Infection of the mastoid air cells causes?

Answer 41

mastoiditis

Question 42

What is naggleria fowler 1?

Answer 42

brain eating amoeba

Question 43

What is halo sign?

Answer 43

to check if CSF is in bloody nose