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Gross 2 Exam 1 > Deep Structures of the Neck > Flashcards

Deep Structures of the Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What does the superficial cervical fascia enclose?

A

Platysma muscle
Cutaneous nerves
Superficial veins
Lymph nodes

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2
Q

Which of the following is not a part of the deep cervical fascia?
A. Investing layer of Deep Cervical Fascia
B. Pretracheal Fascia
C. Prevertebral Fascia
D. Carotid Sheath
E. Superfical layer

A

E. Superficial layer

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3
Q

What does the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia enclose?

A

sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

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4
Q

What structure is between the pretracheal fascia and prevertebral fascia?

A

sympathetic trunk

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5
Q

What does the pretracheal fascia enclose?

A

thyroid gland
Trachea
Esophagus

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6
Q

What does the prevertebral fascia enclose?

A

vertebral column and deep muscles of back

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7
Q 
Which of the following does the carotid sheath not enclose?
A. Common Carotid Artery
B. Internal Carotid Artery
C. Internal Jugular Vein
D. Vagus Nerve
E. Phrenic Nerve
F. Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes
A

E. Phrenic Nerve

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8
Q

What is significant about the external carotid artery in the carotid sheath?

A

It exits before giving off its branches

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9
Q

What is the function of fascial layers?

A

provide slippery surface to reduce friction

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10
Q

What is a clinical significance of the fascial layers?

A

Serves as a channel for infections

Can spread from head and neck to madiastinum directly

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11
Q

What is the superior thoracic aperture?

A

opening through which structures of the neck pass into the thorax

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12
Q 
Which of the following is not a boundary for the superior thoracic aperture?
A. first thoracic vertebra
B. Clavicle
C. First ribs and cartilages
D. Manubrium of sternum
A

B. clavicle

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13
Q 
Which of the following arteries does not pass through the superior thoracic aperture?
A. Brachiocephalic Trunk
B. Left Common Carotid Artery
C. Left Subclavian Artery
D. Superior Thoracic Artery
E. Internal Thoracic Artery
A

D. Superior Thoracic Artery

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14
Q 
What is the only vein that runs through the superior thoracic aperture?
A. Brachiocephalic Vein
B. Subclavian Vein
C. Median Vein
D. Internal Carotid Vein
A

A. Brachiocephalic Vein

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15
Q 
Which of the following nerves does not pass through the superior thoracic aperture?
A. Phrenic Nerve
B. Vagus Nerve
C. Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
D. Sympathetic Trunk
E. Hypoglossal Nerve
A

E. Hypoglossal Nerve

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16
Q 
Which of the following viscera structures does not pass through the superior thoracic aperture?
A. Trachea
B. Esophagus
C. Cervical Pleura
D. Apex of Lung
E. Thymus
F. Thyroid
A

F. Thyroid

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17
Q

What is the significance of the apex of the lung and fractured first rib?

A

fractured first rib can puncture apex of lung causing atelectasis (lung collapse)

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18
Q

What system is the thymus a part of?

A

Immune system

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19
Q

What does the thymus produce?

A

T-Lymphocytes

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20
Q

What is the blood supply to the thymus?

A

internal thoracic artery

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21
Q

What is the innervation of the thymus?

A

stellate ganglion of sympathetic trunk and vagus

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22
Q

What happens to T-cells in the thymus?

A

they mature over time and this reduces the immune system

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23
Q

What kind of organ is the thyroid gland considered?

A

endocrine organ

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24
Q

What does the thyroid gland produce?

A

thyroxine and calcitonin

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25
Q

Between what vertebral levels does the thyroid gland lie?

A

cervical vertebra 5 through thoracic vertebra 1

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26
Q

What are the four structures of the thyroid gland?

A

Left and Right lobe
Isthmus
Pyramidal lobe

27
Q 
Which of the following is only present in half the population?
A. Right lobe
B. Left lobe
C. Isthmus
D. Pyramidal lobe
A

Pyramidal lobe

28
Q

What muscle is only present in 10% of the population and connects the thyroid gland to the hyoid bone?

A

levator glandulae thyroideae muscle

29
Q

What are the two arteries that supply the thyroid gland?

A

Superior and Inferior thyroid artery

30
Q

What artery is only present in 10% of the population and supplies the thyroid gland?

A

Thyroid Ima Artery (may be damaged in tracheotomy)

31
Q

What are the three veins that are associated with the thyroid gland?

A

Superior, Middle, Inferior thyroid vein

32
Q

What is the innervation of the thyroid gland?

A

superior, middle, inferior cervical sympathetic ganglia

33
Q

What is a goiter?

A

abnormal enlargement of thyroid gland

34
Q

What is an endemic goiter?

A

caused by dietary deficiency of iodine

35
Q

What is an exophthalmic goiter

A

caused by autoimmune disease

36
Q

What does the recurrent laryngeal nerve do after it branches off of vagus within thorax?

A

motor innervation to all but one of the laryngeal muscles

37
Q

What kind of gland is a parathyroid gland considered?

A

endocrine gland

38
Q

What is the parathyroid gland involved in?

A

calcium homeostasis, they are essential to life

39
Q

There are normally 4 parathyroid glands but the numbers varies between what?

A

2 and 6 glands

40
Q

What is the blood supply to the parathyroid gland?

A

inferior and superior thyroid artery

41
Q

What is the innervation to the parathyroid gland?

A

inferior or middle cervical sympathetic ganglia

42
Q

What are the difficulties of thyroid surgery?

A

parathyroid glands here
vascularity (lots of bleeding)
presence of recurrent laryngeal nerve

43
Q

What level is the trachea located at?

A

cervical vertebra 6

44
Q

What is the purpose of the incomplete cartilaginous rings which are open posteriorly covering the trachea?

A

Allows for expansion of the trachea

45
Q

What is the muscle that spans the back of the cartilaginous rings?

A

trachealis muscle

46
Q

What is the blood supply to the trachea?

A

inferior thyroid artery

47
Q

What is the innervation of the trachea?

A

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

48
Q

What does the esophagus connect?

A

pharynx to the stomach

49
Q

What level does the esophagus set at?

A

cervical vertebra 6

50
Q

What does the common carotid split into?

A

Internal and External Carotid Artery

51
Q

When the internal carotid artery enters the skull through the carotid canal what does it supply?

A

brain

52
Q

What does the external carotid artery supply?

A

neck, face, and scalp

53
Q 
Which of the following is not a branch of the external carotid artery?
A. Superior Thyroid artery
B. Ascending Pharyngeal Artery
C. Lingual Artery
D. Facial Artery
E. Inferior temporal artery
F. Occipital artery
G. Posterior Auricular Artery
H. Superior temporal artery
I. Maxillary artery
A

E. inferior temporal artery

54
Q

What two arteries of the external carotid have a pulse?

A

facial and superficial temporal artery

55
Q

What are the terminal branches of the external carotid artery?

A

Superficial temporal and maxillary artery

56
Q

What does the carotid sinus do?

A

It is a baroreceptor (blood pressure sensor)

57
Q

What is the carotid sinus innervated by?

A

carotid sinus nerve

58
Q

What does the carotid body do?

A

It is a chemoreceptor (detects changes in chemical makeup of blood within the carotid)

59
Q

What is the carotid body innervated by?

A

carotid sinus nerve

60
Q

What is the largest vein of the neck?

A

internal jugular vein

61
Q

What does the internal jugular vein drain into?

A

Brachiocephalic vein

62
Q

What is the superior jugular bulb?

A

dilation of the internal jugular vein at its origin below the jugular foramen

63
Q 
Which of the following is not a tributary of the internal jugular vein?
A. Inferior Petrosal Sinus
B. Pharyngeal veins
C. Facial vein
D. Submandibular vein
E. Lingual vein
F. Superior Thyroid vein
G. Middle Thyroid vein
A

D. submandibular vein

64
Q

What is the Inferior Jugular Bulb?

A

Dilation of the internal jugular vein near its termination into the brachiocephalic vein

Gross 2 Exam 1 (9 decks)

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