Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Embryology > Pharyngeal arches > Flashcards

Pharyngeal arches Flashcards

1
Q

What are the pharyngeal arches?

A

Developmental structures in embryonic development.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What week of development do they arise?

A

4th

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many arches are there?

A

Pairs 1-4
Pair 6
There is no 5th arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Is there a 5th arch?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do the arches form?

A

Endoderm outpouches from the foregut and comes into contact with the ectoderm. Neural crest cells migrate from the neural tube into the mesoderm (inbetween outpouchings)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the pharyngeal cleft consist of?

A

Ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the pharyngeal pouch consist of?

A

Endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the mesenchymal core core consist of?

A

Mesoderm and neural crest cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does each branchial arch give rise to?

A

Rod of cartilage
Muscles
Cranial nerve
Artery (aortic arch)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What genes pattern the rostral-caudal axis?

A

Hox genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What genes pattern the dorsal-vental axis?

A

DLX genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the embryonic origin of the viscerocranium (and frontal, temporal and sphenoid)?

A

Neural crest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the embryonic origin of the neurocranium (occipital and parietal)?

A

Paraxial mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the two processes of the first arch?

A 
Maxillary swelling (becomes maxillar)
Mandibular swelling (becomes mandible)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which arch forms two processes?

A

1st

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do the maxillar and mandible bones form (what type of bone growth)?

A

Perichondral ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is perichondral ossification?

A

The bones form by intramembranous ossification (dermal bone), but they are preceded by transient cartilage elements in the swellings, the surface of a cartilage element (perichondrium) becomes a periosteum, without replacement of cartilage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What cartilage precedes the mandible?

A

Meckel’s cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What cartilage template does the maxilla use?

A

Palatopterygoquadrate bar

20
Q

What arch forms the frontonasal prominence?

A

1st

21
Q

How does the nose form?

A

Medial nasal processes fuse to from the intermaxillary process.

Lateral nasal processes give rise to the side of the nose and fuse with the maxillary process from cheeks.

22
Q

Which arch forms the muscles of mastication?

A

1st

23
Q

Which nerve(s) innervates the mandibular and maxillary processes of the first arch?

A

The mandibular and maxillary branches of the trigeminal (V) nerve.

The mandibular nerve innervates the cranial side, and chrorda tympani (branch of facial) innervates caudal side.

24
Q

Which arch has double innervation?

A

1st

25
Q

What does the second arch contribute to?

A

Hyoid, styloid process and the stapes

26
Q

What is the term for the cartilage in the second arch?

A

Reichert’s cartilage

27
Q

What part of Reicherts cartilage ossifies to become the stapes?

A

Dorsal ends

28
Q

What part of Reicherts cartilage ossifies to form the upper hyoid?

A

Ventral portion

29
Q

What does the perichondrium between hyoid and styloid form?

A

Stylohyoid ligament

30
Q

What innervates the second arch, what does it supply?

A

Facial (VII) nerve, motor to face muscles, sensory taste in anterior tongue

31
Q

What does the third arch contribute to?

A

Hyoid, Stylopharyngeus muscle

32
Q

What arches neural crest gives rise to laryngeal cartilages (thyroid and cricoid)?

A

4th and 6th

33
Q

What muscles do the 4th arch contribute to?

A

Pharyngeal

34
Q

What muscles do the 6th arch contribute to?

A

Laryngeal

35
Q

What nerve is associated with the 3rd arch?

A

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

36
Q

What nerve is associated with the 4th arch?

A

Vagus (X)

37
Q

What nerve(s) is associated with the 6th arch?

A

Accessory (X and XI)

38
Q

What does the cleft between the 1st and 2nd arch form?

A

External ear

39
Q

What happens to other clefts (not first)?

A

Overgrown by the second arch

40
Q

What leads to the formation of a branchial cyst?

A

Cleft tissue fails to dissapear, can open to the surface, called a fistula

41
Q

What do the pouches form?

A

1st: middle ear and auditory tube
2nd: tonsils
3rd: thymus and inferior thyroid
4th: superior parathyroid and ultimo-branchial body

42
Q

How does the tongue form?

A

From swellings on pouches 1-3

43
Q

What innervates the sensory component of the tongue?

A

Anterior 2/3 = trigeminal
Taste anterior 2/3 = Facial
Posterior 1/3 = glossopharyngeal

44
Q

What is the motor innervation for the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal and somatic intrinsic muscles

45
Q

The first pharyngeal pouch forms the…

A

Pharyngo-tympanic tube

Embryology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions