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Embryology > Lungs and thorax > Flashcards

Lungs and thorax Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the primitive body cavity that is incorporated by embryo?

A

Intra embryonic coelom

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2
Q

What drives rostral and caudal folding?

A

Neural tube expansion

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3
Q

What causes lateral folding?

A

As amnion surrounds embryo brings sides closer together

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4
Q

What does rostral folding do to positioning of rostral structures?

A

Moves them ventrally (to front)

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5
Q

What structures move ventrally/inferiorly in folding?

A

Septum transversum (diaphragm)

Buccopharyngeal membrane (mouth)

Cardiogenic region (heart)

Primitive pericardial cavity

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6
Q

What causes heart to lie caudally of brain?

A

Rostral folding

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7
Q

What drives caudal folding?

A

Growth of developing spinal cord

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8
Q

Describe the composition of the buccopharnygeal and cloacal membranes?

A

Just endoderm and ectoderm due to apoptosis of mesoderm

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9
Q

What does caudal folding do?

A

Cloacal membrane and allantois (forms bladder) moves ventrally

Leads to formation of hindgut tube

Displaces connecting stalk so it merges with neck of yolk sac and both form umbilical cord

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10
Q

What forms umbilical cord?

A

Caudal folding and expansion of amniotic cavity displaces connecting stalk so it merges with neck of yolk sac

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11
Q

What does lateral folding do to germ layers?

A

Fusion of 3 germ layers at ventral midline

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12
Q

What does lateral folding do?

A

Ventral movement of lateral plate mesoderm (parietal and visceral) these fuse forming lining and encloses intraembryonic coelom/cavity (body cavity)

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13
Q

What does somatic mesoderm do?

A

Coat inside of body wall

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14
Q

What does splanchnic/visceral mesoderm do?

A

Coats endodermal gut tube and associated structures

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15
Q

Describe what happens to amnion in embryonic folding?

A

Collapses around embryo and encloses it due to lateral folding (ends of amnion meet)

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16
Q

How does vitelline duct form?

A

As gut tube forms, neck of yolk sac narrows forming vitelline duct

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17
Q

What does gut tube become suspended in as it attaches dorsal wall?

A

Coelomic cavity

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18
Q

What is coelomic cavity surrounded by?

A

Splanchnic mesoderm

19
Q

What forms ventral body wall?

A

2 sides of amnion meet in midline through lateral folding and fuse

20
Q

What eventually forms the diaphragm?

A

Septum transversum (from mesoderm)

21
Q

What is the septum transversum derived from?

A

Mesoderm

22
Q

What is intraembryonic coelom partially divided into and what by?

A

Thoracic (pericardial) and abdominal (peritoneal) portions by septum transversum

23
Q

What seals of pericardial peritoneal canals?

A

Pleuroperitoneal membranes (develop from pleuroperitoneal folds)

24
Q

How does the pericardium divide?

A

Pleuropericardial folds originate along lateral body wall and fuse medially

Divide primitive pericardial cavity into definitive pericardial cavity and 2 pleural cavities

25
Q

What 4 elements make up the diaphragm, what do they give rise to in the adult diaphragm?

A

Septum transversum - central tendon

Pleuroperitoneal membrane - posterior diaphragm

Paraxial mesoderm of body wall - muscular rim

Dorsal oesophogeal mesentry (L1-L3) gives rise to diaphragmatic cruca

26
Q

What part of the diaphragm does the septum transversum give rise to?

A

Central tendon

27
Q

What part of the diaphragm does the pleuroperitoneal membrane give rise to?

A

Posterior diaphragm

28
Q

When does septum transversum arise?

A

Day 22

29
Q

Where does septum transversum originally lie then what happens to it?

A

Lies rostral to cardiogenic region

Then carried ventrally by rostral folding so wedges between cardiogenic region and neck of yolk sac

30
Q

What does septum transversum attach to?

A

Anterior body wall (T7), lateral body wall, oesophogeal mesentry (T12)

31
Q

What layer are epithelium of alveoli, bronchi and trachea and larynx from?

A

Endoderm

32
Q

How and when does respiratory system first develop?

A

Buds off ventral wall of foregut in week 4

33
Q

What layer (and type) gives rise to muscles, cartilage and connective tissue of the respiratory system?

A

Splachnic mesoderm

34
Q

What happens as respiratory bud elongates?

A

Forms trachea and lung bud appears at caudal end.

35
Q

When does lung bud split into left and right bronchi?

A

Day 28

36
Q

How does entire bronchial tree form?

A

Lung endoderm develops by branching morphogenesis and budding forms entire bronchial tree

37
Q

What coats the lung endoderm, what does it give rise to?

A

Mesenchymal tissue from splanchnic mesoderm - diff into cartilaginous rings around trachea etc

38
Q

What does lung endoderm differentiate to?

A

Respiratory epithelium

39
Q

At what point can gaseous exchange between blood and air occur?

A

7th month

40
Q

Does the septum transversum initially fully divide the thorax and abdomen?

A

No leaves huge canals called the pericardioperitoneal canals.

41
Q

What canals does the septum transversum leave?

A

Pericardioperitoneal canals

42
Q

Where do the lung buds grow into (canals)?

A

Pericardioperitoneal canals.

43
Q

Is the central tendon of the diaphragm muscular?

A

No

44
Q

What closes the pericardioperitoneal canals?

A

Pleuroperitioneal membranes

Embryology (10 decks)

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