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PHARM > pharmodynamics > Flashcards

pharmodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the study of pharmodynamics ?

A

The study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs and the molecular mechanisms by which those effects are produced
( What drugs to do the body and how they do it )

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2
Q

what is the dose response relationship ?

A

Relationship between the size of an administered dose and the intensity of the response produced

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3
Q

what does the dose response relationship determine ?

A

The minimum amount of drug to be used
The maximum response a drug can elicit
How much to increase the dosage to produce the desired increase in response

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4
Q

a dose response curve will show ?

A

the maximal efficacy and the relative potency

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5
Q

what is maximal efficacy ?

A

known as the largest effect a drug can produce ( height of curve)

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6
Q

what is relative potency?

A

The amount of drug that must be given in order to elicit a response Can be important if a lack of potency forces inconveniently large doses and implies nothing about the maximal efficacy

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7
Q

Drugs are?

A

Chemicals that produce effects by interacting with other chemicals

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8
Q

receptors are ?

A

Special chemicals in the body that most drugs interact with to produce effects

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9
Q

true or false, when a drug binds to a receptor, it is usually reversible

A

True

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10
Q

receptor activity is usually regulated by what ?

A

Endogenous compounds

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11
Q

what happens when a drug binds to a receptor ?

A

it will either mimic or block the action of endogenous regulatory molecule and either increase or decrease the physiological activity controlled by that receptor

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12
Q

receptors can be classifed as?

A

Normal points of control of physiological processes

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13
Q

under normal physiologic conditions, receptors function is regulated by ?

A

molecules that have been supplied by the body

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14
Q

drugs produce therapeutic effects by :

A

by helping the body use its preexisting capabilities

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15
Q

true or false, drugs can both block and mimic the bodies own regulatory molecules

A

True

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16
Q

what are the 4 primary receptor families ?

A

Cell membrane–embedded enzymes
Ligand-gated ion channels
G protein–coupled receptor systems
Transcription factors

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17
Q

True or false The more selective a drug is, the greater the side effects there will be

A

False, the more selective a drug is , FEWER the side effects there will be

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18
Q

receptors and drug selectivity rely on what kind of mechanism ?

A

A lock and Key mechanism ( does not however gurentee safety)

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19
Q

What is the simple occupancy theory ?

A

the intensity of response to a drug is proportional to the number of receptors occupied

20
Q

maximal response is achieved with a drug when

A

When there is 100% receptor occupancy

21
Q

What is affinity ?

A

means the strength of the attraction - a high affinity means they are very potent

22
Q

what is intrinsic activity ?

A

ability for drug to activate receptor upon binding - higher intrinsic activity of a drug will mean there will be a more intense response seen in the maximal efficacy

23
Q

what is an agonist ?

A

drug binds to receptor- there is a response

24
Q

what is an antagonist ?

A

drug binds to receptor, there will be the blockage of a physiological response

25
Q

what are non competitive antagonists ?

A

drug combines with multiple parts of the receptor and inactivates it

26
Q

what are competitive agonists ?

A
27
Q

what are partial agonists ?

A

drug binds to receptor, there is a diminished response

28
Q

The number of receptors on the cell surface and the sensitivity to agonists can change in response to

A

continuous activation, down regulation, Desensitized or refractory

29
Q

continuous inhibition of receptors will cause

A

hypersensitivty

30
Q

what drug responses do not involve receptors ?

A

Simple physical or chemical interactions with other small molecules

31
Q

name some kinds of drugs that dont use receptors

A

Antacids
Antiseptics
saline laxatives
chelating agents

32
Q

what is the ED 50?

A

Measurement of interpatient variability , the dose produces an effect in 50 % of patients

33
Q

what are some clinical implications of interpatient variability

A

The initial dose of a drug is necessarily an approximation

ED50 in a patient may need to be increased or decreased after the patient response is evaluated

34
Q

what is the therapeutic index ?

A

ratio between LD50 which is the average lethal dose to 50% of animals tested with its ED50

35
Q

The higher the therapeutic index means ?

A

The safer the drug

36
Q

Age of a neonate ?

A

birth- 1 month

37
Q

age of an infant ?

A

1-12 months

38
Q

Age of a child

A

1- 12 years old

39
Q

at what stage can a drug most easily pass through the placenta ?

A

during the last trimester ( blood flow to the fetus is the highest, increased surface area and increased amount of free drug circulating

40
Q

drug induced development is at its greatest risk when ?

A

During the first trimester, due to the proliferation of cells and the fast development of organs

41
Q

low serum creatinine is a indicator of?

A

poor kidney function

42
Q

when there is a decline in renal functioning what happens ?

A

metabolism, declined cardiac output, delayed drug excretion, and possible drug accumulation because of this

43
Q

why are hydrophiliic drugs a problem with older adults

A

they have less body water overall so the drug concentration could be higher for them

44
Q

What are some characteristics of peds pts that will impact drug dosage?

A

skin is thinner and more permeable, stomach lacks acid to kill bacteria, lungs have weaker mucus barrier, liver and kidneys not fully developped, body temp not as well regulated ( more dehydration )

45
Q
A

PHARM (4 decks)

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