Pharmocology Flashcards
Give 2 examples of drugs that work by G protein coupled receptors.
Catecholamines, opioids, alpha 2 agonists
What is tachyphylaxis?
Loss of efficacy with frequently repeated doses.
Give 2 examples of drugs that work by protein kinase receptors.
Insulin and growth hormone
Give an example of a drug that binds to nuclear receptor. What group of hormones do this naturally?
Glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid
phenobarbital
What action does an agonist induce?
Binds to receptor and exerts full biological response
What effect does an inverse agonist have?
Binds to receptor and brings about effects opposite to that of the agonist.
What effect does a partial agonist have?
Binds to the receptor and partially activates it (to a low level), but also blocks endogenous agonists.
What effect does an antagonist have?
Binds to receptor, generates no biological response from cell.
How does hypoalbuminaemia affect drug doses?
Some Drug molecules bind to albumin in blood, some are free molecules. If there is a lower than normal concentration of albumin in the blood there will be more free drug molecules. More potent.
Why do Glucuronides last longer in circulation than other drugs?
They are concentrated and excreted in bile. Taken to he intestines where they are hydrolysed and reabsorbed, enter blood stream again.
What is first pass metabolism?
Some drugs are metabolised in the gut wall or liver first, after oral administration. Makes them less bioavailable.
What group of drugs does phenobarbitone fall into? What do you have to monitor when an animal is on barbiturates long term?
Barbiturates, liver function, causes raised liver enzymes.
What drug group does diazepam fall into?
Benzodiazepine
Which equine drug must only be given I/V? Why?
Thiopentone, irritant perivascularly
Which Equine drug must NEVER be given I/v?
Procaine penicillin
