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Pharmocology Flashcards

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1
Q

Potassium chloride IV preparation and administration

A

Obtain an intravenous (IV) infusion pump

Monitor urine output during administration

Monitor the IV site for signs of infiltration or phlebitis

Ensure that the medication is diluted in the appropriate volume of fluid

Ensure that the bag is labeled so that it reads the volume of potassium in the solution

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2
Q

Assessment findings to immediately discontinue the oxytocin infusion.

A

Uterine hyperstimulation

Late decelerations of the fetal heart rate

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3
Q

Procedure for administering erythromycin ointment.

A

Eye prophylaxis

Eyes are not flushed after instillation

Administer within 1 hour after delivery

Instill at newborn’s conjunctival sacs

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4
Q

Betamethasone indication and administration

A

Increases the production of surfactant to stimulate fetal lung maturation

Administered to clients in preterm labor at 28 to 32 weeks of gestation if the labor can be inhibited for 48 hours

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5
Q

Methylergonovine indication and monitor for?

A

Treat postpartum hemorrhage by stimulating uterine contractions

May elevate BP

Monitor BP is priority

Notify HCP if hypertension is present

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6
Q

Salicylic acid indication and symptoms

A

Indicate for psoriasis.

Tinnitus, dizziness, hyperpnea, and psychological disturbances

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7
Q

Silver sulfadiazine indication and monitor for?

A

An antibacterial

Treatment of burn injuries

Monitor a complete blood count, particularly the white blood cells

It does not cause stinging when applied

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8
Q

Mafenide acetate

A

Monitor for signs of an acid-base imbalance (hyperventilation)

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9
Q

Isotretinoin indication, contraindications, and monitor for?

A

For severe acne

Can elevate triglyceride levels

Contraindication to Vit A

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10
Q

Azelaic acid indication and adverse effects

A

Topical medication used to treat mild to moderate acne

Adverse effects include burning, itching, stinging, redness of the skin, and hypopigmentation of the skin in clients with a dark complexion

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11
Q

Bleomycin monitor for and may cause?

A

Antineoplastic medication

Can cause interstitial pneumonitis, which can progress to pulmonary fibrosis

Monitor lung sounds for dyspnea and crackles, which indicate pulmonary toxicity

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12
Q

Busulfan

A

Increases uric acid level

Hyperuricemia can produce uric acid nephropathy, renal stones, and acute kidney injury

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13
Q

Etoposide teaching and monitor for?

A

Administered slowly over 30 to 60 minutes to avoid hypotension

Monitor BP during infusion

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14
Q

Vincristine indication, adverse and side effects

A

Adverse effect is peripheral neuropathy

Side effect is constipation

Treats ovarian cancer

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15
Q

Asparaginase contraindications and monitor for?

A

Contraindicated if hypersensitivity exists, in pancreatitis

Manitor for signs of pancreatitis, which include nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain

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16
Q

Tamoxifen indication and monitor for?

A

Treats or prevents metastatic breast carcinoma

Monitor calcium level may increase

Signs of hypercalcemia include increased urine volume, excessive thirst, nausea, vomiting, constipation, hypotonicity of muscles, and deep bone and flank pain

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17
Q

Megestrol acetate caution use

A

Used with caution if the client has a history of venous thromboembolism

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18
Q

Cyclophosphamide adverse effect, teachings, and monitor for?

A

Hemorrhagic cystitis is an adverse effect

Taken on an empty stomach

Monitor urine output for hematuria

Increase fluid intake to 2000 to 3000 mL daily

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19
Q

Daunorubicin adverse and side effects

A

Adverse effects are cardiomyopathy manifested as heart failure (lung crackles) and bone marrow depression

Side effects are nausea and vomiting

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20
Q

Glimepiride food

A

Most acceptable food are red meats, whole-grain cereals, and carbonated beverages

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21
Q

Levothyroxine indication and monitor for?

A

Hypothyroidism

Monitor for hyperthyroidism (tachycardia, chest pain, tremors, nervousness, insomnia, hyperthermia, extreme heat intolerance, and sweating)

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22
Q

Pramlintide indication and teachings

A

Treat high blood sugar for types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus who use insulin

Administer before meals

Any prescribed oral medications should be taken 1 hour before or 2 hours after an injection of pramlintide

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23
Q

Desmopressin indication and teachings

A

Treats central cranial diabetes insipidus

Decrease oral fluids

Report headache and drowsiness

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24
Q

Prednisone indication and teachings

A

Used to suppress the immune system and decrease inflammation

Taken early in the morning

May decrease the effect of oral hypoglycemics, insulin, diuretics, and potassium supplements

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25
Q

Alendronate indication and teachings

A

Hyperparathyroidism to inhibit bone loss and normalize serum calcium levels

Sit up for at least 30 minutes after taking this medication

Take this medication first thing in the morning on an empty stomach with full glass of water

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26
Q

Infliximab indication and monitor for?

A

Reduces the degree of inflammation in the colon

Frequency and consistency of bowel movements for effectiveness

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27
Q

Loperamide indication

A

Used to manage acute and chronic diarrhea

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28
Q

Ondansetron indication

A

Treat postoperative nausea and vomiting

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29
Q

Pancrelipase indication and effectiveness sign

A

Used in clients with pancreatitis

Reduction of steatorrhea

May result in weigh gain

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30
Q

Cimetidine indication and adverse effects

A

Treat ulcers; gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Mental confusion, agitation, depression, and anxiety

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31
Q

Sucralfate indication and administration

A

Gastric protectant

Administer 1 hour before meals and at bedtime

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32
Q

Misoprostol indication and prevent specifically for?

A

Gastric protectant

NSAID user

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33
Q

Omeprazole indication and intended effect

A

Antiulcer agent

Relief of pain from gastric irritation, often called heartburn

34
Q

Esomeprazole indication

A

Reduction of stomach acid production

35
Q

Metoclopramide indication and contraindications

A

Gastrointestinal stimulant and antiemetic

Treatment of vomiting after surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation.

Gastrointestinal obstruction, hemorrhage, or perforation

36
Q

Cholestyramine indication and teaching

A

To lower the cholesterol level

Use of flavored products or fruit juices can improve the taste

37
Q

Guaifenesin indication and teaching

A

Expectorant is a type of cough medicine that thins and loosens mucus

Take the tablet with a full glass of water

38
Q

Diphenhydramine indication and teachings

A

Use as an antihistamine, antitussive, antidyskinetic, and sedative-hypnotic

Taken with food or milk to decrease gastrointestinal upset and using oral rinses, sugarless gum, or hard candy to minimize dry mouth

39
Q

Cromolyn sodium indication and adverse effect

A

An inhaled nonsteroidal antiallergy agent and a mast cell stabilizer

Bronchospasm, cough, nasal congestion, throat irritation, and wheezing

40
Q

Terbutaline indication, contraindication, and caution use with?

A

Bronchodilator

Hypersensitivity to sympathomimetic

Clients with impaired cardiac function, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, or a history of seizures

41
Q

Zafirlukast indication and caution use?

A

Prophylaxis and long-term treatment of bronchial asthma

Used with caution in clients with impaired hepatic function

42
Q

Isoniazid cause, teaching, side effect, and side effect treatment

A

Elevation of hepatic enzyme levels and hepatitis

Report yellow eyes or skin immediately

Peripheral neuritis, manifested by numbness, tingling, and paresthesia in the extremities

Pyridoxine (vitamin B6)

43
Q

Rifampin teachings

A

Causes orange discoloration of sweat, tears, urine, and feces

Administer the medication on an empty stomach

Antacids, if prescribed, should be taken at least 1 hour before the medication

44
Q

Ethambutol causes?

A

Optic neuritis, which decreases visual acuity and the ability to discriminate between the colors red and green

45
Q

Rifabutin indication, side and adverse effects

A

MAC disease and tuberculosis

Rash, gastrointestinal disturbances, neutropenia (low neutrophil count), red-orange–colored body secretions, uveitis (blurred vision and eye pain), myositis, arthralgia, hepatitis, chest pain with dyspnea, and flu-like syndrome

46
Q

Theophylline teaching

A

Limit the intake of xanthine-containing foods while taking this medication such as coffee, cola, and chocolate

47
Q

Warfarin teaching

A

Aspirin-containing products need to be avoided

48
Q

Digoxin therapeutic range and toxicity symptoms

A

0.5 to 2.0 ng/mL (0.63 to 2.56 nmol/L)

Early signs of toxicity include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Subsequent manifestations include headache; visual disturbances such as diplopia, blurred vision, yellow-green halos, and photophobia; drowsiness; fatigue; and weakness.

49
Q

Procainamide toxicity symptoms

A

Confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, decreased urination, nausea, vomiting, and tachydysrhythmias

50
Q

Propranolol adverse effect

A

Expiratory wheezes (bronchospasm)

51
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide adverse effects

A

Sulfa allergy, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, and hypercalcemia

52
Q

Lipid-lowering medications teaching

A

Avoid nicotinic acid

53
Q

Heparin antidote

A

Protamine sulfate

54
Q

Warfarin antidote

A

Vit K

55
Q

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole teachings

A

Drink 8 to 10 glasses of water per day

Use sunscreen

Report sore throat, fever, and pallor

56
Q

Oxybutynin chloride toxicity symptoms

A

Nervousness, restlessness, hallucinations, and irritability

57
Q

Blood urea nitrogen normal range

A

10 to 20 mg/dL

58
Q

Creatinine normal level

A

Male is 0.6 to 1.2 mg/dL and female is 0.5 to 1.1 mg/dL

59
Q

Cyclosporine teaching

A

Avoid grapefruit juice causes toxicity

60
Q

Codeine interventions

A

Monitor vital signs and assess for hypotension

Increase fluid intake, palpate the bladder for urinary retention, auscultate bowel sounds, and monitor the pattern of daily bowel activity and stool consistency

61
Q

Phenytoin teachings

A

Good oral hygiene

Avoid activities in which alertness and coordination while on this medication

62
Q

Etanercept adverse effects

A

Infection and pancytopenia

63
Q

Allopurinol teachings

A

Drink 3000 mL of fluid a day

A full therapeutic effect may take 1 week or longer

Given with, or immediately after, meals or milk

64
Q

Colchicine caution use and indication

A

Older clients, debilitated clients, and clients with cardiac, kidney, or gastrointestinal disease

Gout

65
Q

Dantrolene adverse effect

A

Liver damage

66
Q

Cyclobenzaprine caution use

A

Clients with a history of urinary retention, glaucoma, and increased intraocular pressure

67
Q

Methocarbamol adverse effects

A

Hypotension and bradycardia

68
Q

Aminoglycosides adverse effects

A

Confusion, ototoxicity, renal toxicity, gastrointestinal irritation, palpitations or dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and hypersensitivity reactions

69
Q

Sulfonamide adverse effects

A

Nephrotoxicity, bone marrow suppression, GI effects, hepatotoxicity, dermatological effects, and some neurological symptoms including headache, dizziness, vertigo, ataxia, depression, and seizures

70
Q

Didanosine adverse effect

A

Pancreatitis

71
Q

Cyclosporine adverse effect

A

Hypertension

72
Q

Amikacin adverse effect

A

Ototoxicity (hearing problems), confusion, disorientation, gastrointestinal irritation, palpitations, blood pressure changes, nephrotoxicity, and hypersensitivity

73
Q

Stavudine intervention

A

Monitor gait

74
Q

Sertraline intervention

A

Administer at the same time each evening

75
Q

Clozapine intervention

A

Monitor white blood cells count

76
Q

Amitriptyline cause

A

Constipation

77
Q

Risperidone cause

A

Orthostatic hypotension

78
Q

Imipramine max therapeutic effect

A

In 2 to 3 weeks

79
Q

Monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) teaching

A

Foods to avoid include yogurt; aged cheeses; smoked or processed meats; red wines; and fruits such as avocados, raisins, or figs

80
Q

Fluoxetine side and adverse effects

A

Central nervous system and gastrointestinal system dysfunction

Nursing (6 decks)

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