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Nursing > Hesi > Flashcards

Hesi Flashcards

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1
Q

Air precaution: PPE, diseases

A

N95, negative pressure room

Measles, chicken pox, rubeola, shingles, tuberculosis

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2
Q

Contact precaution: PPE, diseases

A

Gloves and gown

MRSA, C diff, shingella, E. coli, Hep A and E, skin and wound infection, “resistance”

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3
Q

Precaution for infectious diarrhea, C. diff, Rotavirus, Norovirus

A

Contact precaution (gloves and gown)

Wash hands with soap and water (no alcohol rub)

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4
Q

Live vaccines

A

MMR, Varicella, Rotavirus, Intranasal influenza

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5
Q

Donning steps

A

Gown, mask, goggles, gloves

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6
Q

Doffing steps

A

Gloves, goggles, gown, mask

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7
Q

Position after cardiac catheter

A

Leg straight for 2-6 hours
Prevent bleeding and promote circulation

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8
Q

SIADH S/S, labs, treatment

A

Water retention

S/S; FVO, swelling, bloating, edema

Labs; low sodium, low HCT, high urine concentration

Treatment; fluid restriction, diuretics, 3% NS if Na < 120

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9
Q

Diabetes Insipidus

A

Excessive water excretion

S/S; FVD, thirsty, polyuria, dehydration

Labs; high sodium, high HCT, diluted urine

Treatment; give fluid, desmopressin

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10
Q

Addison’s disease S/S, labs, treatment

A

Not enough steroids

Addisonian crisis; severely low BP

S/S; tan brown skin, lethargic, anorexia, kidney malfunction, cardiac problems, immunocompromised, increased for infection

Labs; decreased BS, FVD, decreased Na, increased K

Treatment; give steroids, check BS

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11
Q

Cushing’s disease S/S, labs, treatment

A

Too much steroids/aldosterone/cortisone

Pituitary tumor

S/S; buffalo hump, moon face, osteoporosis, wound won’t heal, extra hair growth, no periods, thin skin and bruising, immunocompromised, increased risk for infection

Labs; high BS, high Na, FVO, low K

Treatment; restrict fluid, prevent skin breakdown, check BS

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12
Q

Hyperthyroidism (Grave’s Disease)

A

S/S; fast metabolism, all symptoms are high, exophthalmos, high T3 and T4, decreased TSH

Treatment; give propylthiouracil, Radioactive iodine, thyroidectomy

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13
Q

Hypothyroidism S/S, treatment

A

S/S; all S/S is down, increased TSH

Treatment; get VS up, give levothyroxine at AM early

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14
Q

Hyperparathyroidism S/S

A

Increased Ca, decreased phosphorus

S/S; hypercalcemia = constipation, n/v, kidney failure, weaken bones, lethargy, fatigue

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15
Q

Hypoparathyroidism labs, S/S,

A

Decreased Ca, increased Phosphorus

S/S; hypocalcemia = Trousseau’s sign, Chvostek’s sign, tingling, numbness, seizures, cramps, abnormal heart beats

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16
Q

DKA treatment

A

0.9 NS

Regular insulin

Add dextrose when BS between 250 - 300

Assess K

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17
Q

Multiple Myeloma characteristics, risk for

A

Over production of calcium

Risk for hypercalcemia, bone fracture, high BUN and creatinine

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18
Q

Ulcerative colitis diet

A

High protein and low residue

Avoid high fiber

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19
Q

Polycythemia?

A

Increased RBC due to tissue hypoxia

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20
Q

Bipolar manic state interventions

A

decrease stimuli, finger food, no activities that requires focus

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21
Q

High pressure alarm ventilator meaning

A

Increased resistance

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22
Q

Low pressure alarm ventilator meaning

A

Disconnection, need immediate attention

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23
Q

ED Triag priority

A

Trauma, chest pain, respiratory destress, acute neuro

24
Q

Disaster Triag priority

A

Red > yellow > green > black

25
Q

Pneumothorax characteristics, S/S, treatment

A

Diminished/absent lung sounds on affected side
Tracheal deviation to unaffected side

Changes in LOC, decreased O2, increased HR, dyspnea

Chest tube

26
Q

Intussusception stool characteristics

A

Currant jelly and olive shape

27
Q

Hirschsprung disease

A

Ribbon like stool

Fail to pass meconium within 24 hours

No stool first 24 - 48 hours

28
Q

DKA S/S

A

Hyperglycemia, dehydration, tachy, hypotension, polyuria, thirsty, lethargy, nausea, vomiting, metabolic acidosis, sweet/fruity breath, Kussmaul respiration (deep and rapid),

29
Q

Hypocalcemia S/S, EKG

A

Tetany (muscle spasm), Chvostek’s sign (facial), Trousseau’s sign (wrist), prolonged QT

30
Q

Hepatic Encephalopathy S/S, treatment

A

Asterixis (flapping tremor)

Lactulose (help excrete ammonia)

31
Q

GBS S/S, treatment

A

Respiratory acidosis

IV immunoglobulins, plasmapheresis

32
Q

Myasthenia Gravis cause, treatment

A

Not enough acetylcholine (muscle weakness = respiratory paralysis)

Pyridostigmine, neostigmine

33
Q

V tach treatment

A

With pulse = stable V tach (amiodarone or synchronized cardioversion)

No pulse = unstable V tach (CPR, defibrillator, epinephrine)

34
Q

Kawasaki disease S/S

A

Less than 5 years old

Strawberry tongue

35
Q

Preeclampsia complication, treatment

A

HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets)

Bed rest and magnesium sulfate

36
Q

Warfarin antidote

A

Vit K

37
Q

Heparin antidote

A

Protamine sulfate

38
Q

Benzodiazepine antidote

A

Flumazenil

39
Q

Morphine antidote

A

Naloxone

40
Q

Acetaminophen antidote

A

N-Acetylcysteine

41
Q

Bradycardia treatment, causes

A

Atropine (only if patient has symptoms pale, cool, clammy)

Vagal maneuver, CCB and Beta blockers

42
Q

V Fib EKG, treatment, causes

A

Squiggly line

Defibrillation (not synchronized) before CPR and drugs
Drugs; LAP (lidocaine, amiodarone, procainamide)

Untreated V tach, post MI

43
Q

V Tach EKG, treatment, causes

A

WWWWW (tombstone pattern)

Early Defib (apply pads>call out clear>shock)
No pulse = Defib
With pulse = Cardioversion

Post MI, hypoxia, low K, low magnesium

44
Q

A Fib EKG, treatment, causes

A

No P wave, uneven QRS

Cardioversion (after TTE clot check)
Digoxin (check apical pulse 60 sec., toxicity max 2.0, potassium lower than 3.5)
Anticoagulants

Valvular disease, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, COPD, after heart surgery

45
Q

A Flutter EKG, treatment, causes

A

Saw tooth pattern

Cardioversion (after TTE clot check)
Digoxin (check apical pulse 60 sec., toxicity max 2.0, potassium lower than 3.5)
Anticoagulants

Valvular disease, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, COPD, after heart surgery

46
Q

Supraventricular Tach EKG, caused, treatment

A

NNNNNNN Super fast pattern

Simulants, strenuous exercise, hypoxia, heart disease

Vagal maneuver
Adenosine (rapid push with flush NS, expect heart rate to stop)
Cardioversion

47
Q

Torsades de Pointes EKG, causes, treatment

A

Tornado patterns

Post MI, hypoxia, low magnesium

Magnesium sulfate

48
Q

Asystole EKG, treatment

A

Flat line (dead)

Epinephrine, atropine, CPR
No Defib needed

49
Q

P wave =

A

Atrial rhythm

50
Q

QRS wave =

A

Ventricular rhythm

51
Q

Lack QRS complexes =

A

Asystole

52
Q

Wide QRS complexes =

A

V Tach

53
Q

Chaotic or unorganized waves =

A

Fibrillation

54
Q

Chaotic and no P waves =

A

A Fib

55
Q

Chaotic and no QRS complexes =

A

V Fib

56
Q

Bizarre rhythm with QRS complexes =

A

V Tach

Nursing (6 decks)

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