PHARMOCOKINETICS AND Dynamics

Question 1

how the drug affects the body

Answer 1

Pharmacodynamics

Question 2

how the body acts on the drug

Answer 2

Pharmacokinetics

Question 3

the study of the interactions
between the chemical
components of living systems
and the foreign chemicals,
including drugs that enter those
systems.

Answer 3

Pharmacodynamics

Question 4

Drugs usually work in one of four ways:
To replace or act as substitutes for

Answer 4

To replace or act as substitutes for
missing chemicals
To increase or stimulate certain
cellular activities
To depress or slow cellular
activities
To interfere with functioning of foreign
cell

Question 5

Specific areas on cell
membrane

Answer 5

Receptor Sites

Question 6

They react with certain
chemicals to cause an effect
within the cell

Answer 6

Receptor Site

Question 7

break down the
reacting chemicals and open
the receptor site for further
stimulation

Answer 7

Enzyme

Question 8

Interact directly with receptor sites to cause the same
activity that natural chemicals would cause at that
site

Answer 8

Agonist

Question 9

Prevent breakdown of natural chemicals that are stimulating the receptor site

Answer 9

Inhibitor

Question 10

React with receptor sites to block normal stimulation, producing no effect

Answer 10

Competitive Antagonist

Question 11

React with specific receptor sites on a cell and by reacting there prevent the reaction of another chemical with a different receptor site on that cell

Answer 11

Non competitive Antagonist

Question 12

Molecules of drug A react with specific
receptor sites on cells of effector organs
and change the cells’ activity.

Answer 12

Antagonist Interaction with receptor sites on a cell

Question 13

Drug A and drug C have an affinity for
the same receptor sites and compete
for these sites; drug C has a greater
affinity, occupies more of the sites, and
antagonizes drug A.

Answer 13

Competitive antagonism

Question 14

Drug D reacts with a receptor site that is
different from the receptor site for drug
A but still somehow prevents drug A
from binding with its receptor sites.

Answer 14

Noncompetitive antagonism

Question 15

Drugs also can cause their effects by interfering with the enzyme systems that act as catalysts for various chemical
reactions.

Answer 15

Drug enzyme interaction

Question 16

Drugs also can cause their effects by interfering with the enzyme systems that act as catalysts for various chemical
reactions.

Answer 16

Drug enzyme interaction

Question 17

work in a cascade fashion, with one
enzyme activating another, and then that enzyme activating another, until a cellular reaction eventually occurs.

Answer 17

Enzyme system

Question 18

The ability of a drug to attack only those
systems found in foreign cells

Answer 18

Selective Toxicity

Question 19

pharmacokinetic considerations

Answer 19

1. Onset of drug action
2. Drug half life
3. Timing of peak effect
4. Duration of drug effect
5. Metabolism of drug
6. Site of excretion

Question 20

involves the study of absorption, distribution, metabolism
(biotransformation), and excretion of drugs

Answer 20

Pharmacokinetics

Question 21

The amount of drug that is needed to cause a therapeutic effect

Answer 21

Critical Concentration

Question 22

A higher dose than that usually used for treatment to reach critical concentration quickly

Answer 22

Loading Dose

Question 23

Dynamic Equilibrium Processes

Answer 23

• Absorption from the site of entry
• Distribution to the active site
• Biotransformation (metabolism) in the liver
• Excretion from the body

Question 24

Refers to what happens to a drug from the time it is introduced to the body until it reaches the circulating fluids and tissues

Answer 24

Absorption

Question 25

influenced by the route of
administration

Answer 25

Drug absorptio

Question 26

Process of absorption

Answer 26

1. Passive diffusion
2. Active transport
3. Filtration

Question 27

Major process through which drugs are absorbed into the body

Answer 27

Passive diffusion

Question 28

Occurs across a concentration gradient

Answer 28

Passive diffusio

Question 29

Movement from an area of greater concentration to lower concentration

Answer 29

Passive Diffusion

Question 30

Process that uses energy to actively move a molecule across a cell membrane

Answer 30

Active Transport

Question 31

Involves movement through pores in the cell membrane either down a concentration gradient or as a result of the pull of plasmaproteins

Answer 31

Filtration

Question 32

Involves the movement of a drug to the body’s
tissues

Answer 32

Distribution

Question 33

Factors that affect drug distribution:

Answer 33

1. Drug Lipid Solubility and Ionization
2. Perfusion of Reactive Tissue

Question 34

Most drugs are bound to some extent to proteins in the blood
to be carried to the circulation.

Answer 34

Protein Binding

Question 35

Is a protective system of cellular activity that keeps many things away from the CNS

Answer 35

Blood Brain Barrier

Question 36

Many drugs pass through the
placenta and affect the
developing fetus in pregnant
women

Answer 36

Placenta Aand Breast Milk