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pharma > CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC > Flashcards

CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC Flashcards

1
Q

drugs designed to target foreign
organisms that have invaded and infected the body of a human
host.

A

ANTIINFEVTIVE AGENTS

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2
Q

Vary in effectiveness against invading
organisms

A

Spectrum of Activity

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3
Q

Cause cell death

A

batericidal

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4
Q

Interfere with the ability of the cells to
reproduce or divide

A

BACTERIOSTATIC

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5
Q

Reasons for incapability of the
immune system to deal with
invading organisms:

A
  1. antiinfective drugs cannot
    toally eliminate the pathogen
    without causing severe toxicity
    to the host.
  2. These patients do not have
    the inflammatory or immune
    response in place to deal with
    with even a few invading
    organisms
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6
Q

Involves a complex interaction
among chemical mediators,
leukocytes, lymphocytes,
antibodies, and locally released
enzymes and chemicals.

A

Human Immmune Response

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7
Q

When response is completely
functional and all necessary
proteins, cells, and chemicals are
being produced by the body, it
can isolate and eliminate foreign
proteins (bacteria, fungi, virus)

A

Human Immune Response

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8
Q

can be natural or acquired and
refers to the ability over time to
adapt to an antiinfective drug
and produce cells that are no
longer affected by a particular
drug.

A

Resistance

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9
Q

is important in preventing
the development of resistance.

A

drug dosing

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10
Q

treatment of infections
before they occur

A

prophylaxis

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11
Q

ADVERSE REACTIONS TO ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY

A
  1. kidney Damage
  2. Gastrointestinal Toxicity
  3. Neurotoxicity
  4. Hypersensitivity Reaction
  5. Superinfection
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12
Q

Occurs more frequently with drugs that are metabolized by the kidney
and then eliminated in the urine

A

kidney damagae

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13
Q

Many anti-infective agents have direct toxic effects on the cells
lining the GI tract, causing nausea, vomiting, stomac

A

Gastrointestinal Toxicity

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14
Q

Some antiinfectives can damage or interfere with the function of
nerve tissue, usually in areas where drugs tend to accumulate in
high concentrations

A

Neurotoxicity

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15
Q

Most of these agents, which are protein
bound for transfer through the cardiovascular system, are able to
induce antibody formation in susceptible people.

A

hypersensitivity

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16
Q

One offshoot of the use of anti-infectives, especially broadspectrum anti-infectives, is destruction of the normal flora

A

superinfection

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17
Q

are infections that occur when opportunistic pathogens that were
kept in check by the “normal” flora bacteria have the opportunity
to invade tissues.

A

superinfection

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18
Q

chemicals that inhibit specific bacteria

A

antibiotics

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19
Q

Antibiotic are made three ways

A
  1. Living of Microorganism
  2. Synthetic Manufacturer
  3. Genetic Engineering
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20
Q

Are those whose cell wall retains a strain known as Gram’s strain or
resists decolorization with alcohol during culture and sensitivity testing

A

Gram Positive Bacteria

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21
Q

Gram Positive Bacterial usually found at the

A

Respiratory Tract or soft tissues

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22
Q

Gram negative Bacterial is usually found at the:

A

genitourinary tract and gi tract

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23
Q

Are those whose cell walls lose a strain or are decolorized by alcohol

A

Gram Negative Bacteria

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24
Q

Depend on oxygen for survival

A

Aerobic Bacteria

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25
Q

Do not use oxygen

A

Anaerobic bactera

26
Q

Do not use for longer than 7 to 10 days

A

Aminoglycoside

27
Q

Group of powerful antibiotics used to
treat serious infections caused by
gram-negative aerobic bacilli

A

Aminoglycoside

28
Q

Sample of aminoglycoside

A

amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin,
neomycin, streptomycin, tobramy

29
Q

Are poorly absorbed from the GI tract but rapidly
absorbed after intramuscular (IM) injections

A

Pharmacokinetic of Aminoglycoside

30
Q

Are relatively new class of broad-spectrum
antibiotics effective against gram-positive and
gram-negative bacteria

A

Carbapenem

31
Q

Example of Carbapenem

A

Meropenem, Diropenem, Ertapenem, Imipemen-clistatin

32
Q

Not for use in patients younger than 18 years old

A

ertapenem

33
Q

Used with caution in patients with inflammatory
bowel disorders

A

Meropenem

34
Q

Effective against gram-positive bacteria that are
affected by penicillin G, as well as the gram-negative
bacteria P. mirabilis, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae
* cefadroxil, cefazolin, cephalexin

A

1st generation Cephalosporin

35
Q

Effective against previously mentioned strain as well
as H. influenza, Enterobacter aerogenes, and
Neisseria species

A

2nd generation of Cephalosporins

36
Q

Effective against all of the previously mentioned strains,
as well as gram-negative bacilli Serratia marcescens
* cefdinir, cefotaxime, ceftibuten, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone

A

3rd generation of Cephalosporins

37
Q

active against gram-negative and gram-positive
organisms including cephalosporin resistant staphylococci
and P. aeruginosa

A

4th gen of Cephalosporins

38
Q

Interfere with the action of DNA enzymes
necessary for the growth and reproduction of the
bacteria leading to cell death

A

Flurouquinolones

39
Q

indicated for treating infections caused by susceptible
strains of gram-negative bacteria, including E. coli, P.
mirabilis, K. pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae,
Proteus vulgaris, Proteus rettgeri,Morganella
morganii, M. catarrhalis, H. infl uenzae, H.
parainfluenzae, P. eruginosa, Citrobacter freundii, S.
aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, some Neisseria
gonorrhoeae, and group D streptococci infections
frequently include urinary tract, respiratory tract, and
skin infections

A

Flurouquinolones

40
Q

was the first antibiotic introduced for clinical
use.

A

Penicilin

41
Q

used Penicillium
molds to produce the original penicillin in the
1920s.

A

Alexander Fleming

42
Q

Drugs that inhibit folic acid synthesis

A

sulfonamides

43
Q

competitively block paraaminobenzoic acid to
prevent the synthesis of folic acid in susceptible
bacteria that synthesize their own folates for the
production of RNA and DNA

A

sulfonamides

44
Q

were developed as semisyntheticantibiotics
based on the structure of a common soil mold.

A

Tetracycline

45
Q

Contains 4 rings

A

Tetracycline

46
Q

Their absorption is affected of tetracycline is affected by

A

food, calcium, iron and drugs

47
Q
  • the group of bacteria that contain the pathogens
    that cause tuberculosis and leprosy are classified
    on the basis of their ability to hold a stain even in
    the presence of a “destaining” agent such as acid.
    Because of this property, they are called “acidfast” bacteria.
A

mycobacteria

48
Q

Was first introduced in 2004

A

ketolides

49
Q

block protein synthesis within susceptible bacteria,
leading to cell death

A

ketolides

50
Q

similar to the macrolides but are more toxic

A

lincosamides

51
Q

First introduced in 2010
* televancin

A

lypoglycopeptide

52
Q

They inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by
interfering with the polymerization and crosslinking of peptidoglycans. They bind to the
bacterial membrane and disrupt the membrane
barrier function causing bacterial cell death

A

lipogylcopeptide

53
Q

are antibiotics that interfere with protein
synthesis in susceptible bacteria
* erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin,
dirithromycin

A

macrolides

54
Q

Prophylaxis for endocarditis before dental
procedures in high-risk patients with valvular
heart disease who are allergic to penicillin

A

macrolides

55
Q

Available as an IV drug only

A

lipoglycopeptide

56
Q

treating complicated skin and skin-structure infections caused by
susceptible gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant
strains of S. aureus. It must be given IV over 30 minutes, once each
day for 7 to 14 days, which makes its use inconvenient.

A

Daptomycin

57
Q

It is approved to treat C. difficile diarrhea and to prevent recurrence.
It is given orally twice a day

A

Fidaxomycin

58
Q

This drug is indicated specifically for treatment of infections caused
by vancomycin-resistant and methicillin-resistant strains of bacteria.

A

Linezolid

59
Q

It is approved for use in the treatment of complicated skin and skinstructure infections and
intra-abdominal infections caused by susceptible bacteria

A

Tigecycline

60
Q

Affects the E. coli bacteria, which cause traveler’s diarrhea. It is
also approved for treating hepatic encephalopathy

A

Rifaximin

61
Q
A

pharma (6 decks)

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