Pharmacy Tech Chapter 8 Terminology

Question 0

pyrogens

Answer 0

chemicals produced by microorganisms that can cause pyretic (fever) in patients

Question 1

aseptic techniques

Answer 1

techniques or methods that maintain the sterile condition of products

Question 2

osmotic pressure

Answer 2

a characteristic of a solution determined by the number of dissolved particles in it

Question 3

isotonic

Answer 3

when a solution has an osmolarity equal to that of blood

Question 4

hypertonic

Answer 4

when a solution has a greater osmolarity than that of blood

Question 5

hypotonic

Answer 5

when a solution has a lesser osmolarity than that of blood

Question 6

LVP

Answer 6

Large Volume Parenterals
1. intravenous solutions packaged in containers holding 100 mL or more
2. come in plastic or glass bottles
USP/NF is the federal set of procedures

Question 7

CSP

Answer 7

Compounded Sterile Products

Question 8

SVP Solution

Answer 8

Small Volume Parenteral Solutions

packaged products that are either directly administered to a patient or added to another parenteral solution

Question 9

additive

Answer 9

a drug that added to a parenteral solution

Question 10

admixture

Answer 10

the resulting solution when a drug is added to a parenteral solution

Question 11

ready-to-mix

Answer 11

a specially designed minibag where a drug is put into a SVP just prior to administration

Question 12

lyophilized

Answer 12

freeze-dried

Question 13

diluent

Answer 13

a solvent that dissolves a lyophilized powder

Question 14

TPN

Answer 14

Total Parenteral Nutrition Solution

complex solutions with two base solutions (amino acids and dextrose) and additional micro-nutrients

Question 15

TNA solution

Answer 15

a TPN solution that contains intravenous fat emulsion

Question 16

osmosis

Answer 16

the action in which a drug in a higher concentration solution passes through a permeable membrane to a lower concentration solution

Question 17

dialysis

Answer 17

movement of particles in a solution through permeable membranes

Question 18

HEPA filter

Answer 18

a high efficiency particulate air filter

Question 19

laminar flow

Answer 19

continuous movement at a uniform rate in one direction

Question 20

horizontal flow hood

Answer 20

a laminar hood where the air crosses the work area in a horizontal direction

Question 21

vertical flow hood

Answer 21

a laminar hood where the air crosses the work area in a vertical direction

Question 22

coring

Answer 22

when a needle damages the rubber closure of a parenteral container causing fragments of the closure to fall into the container and contaminate its contents

Question 23

ampules

Answer 23

sealed glass containers with an elongated neck that must be snapped off

Question 24

Slip-Tip, Luer-Lok, eccentric. oral

Answer 24

different types of syringes

Question 25

hub

Answer 25

the part of the needle that attaches to the syringe

Question 26

shaft

Answer 26

the stem of the needle that provides the overall length of the needle

Question 27

bevel

Answer 27

an anagled surface at the tip of the needle

Question 28

gauge

Answer 28

a measurement with needles: the higher the gauge, the smaller the lumen

Question 29

lumen

Answer 29

the hollow center of a needle

Question 30

depth filter

Answer 30

a filter that can filter solutions being drawn into or expelled from a syringe, but not both ways in the same procedure

Question 31

membrane filter

Answer 31

a filter that filters solution as it is expelled from the syringe

Question 32

final filter

Answer 32

a filter placed immediately before a solution enters a patient’s veins

Question 33

flow rate

Answer 33

the rate (in ml/hour or ml/minute) at which the solution is administered to the patient

Question 34

flashball

Answer 34

flexible rubber tubing near the needle adapter on an administration set; used to determine if the needle is properly placed in the veins

Question 35

piggybacks

Answer 35

small volume solutions connected to an LVP

Question 36

heparin lock

Answer 36

an administration device used when a primary LVP solution is not available

Question 37

Minimizing Parenteral Incompatibilities

Answer 37

1. Use solutions promptly after preparation. If not, the admixture should immediately be placed in the refrigerator
2. MInimize the number of drugs added to a solution at one time
3. Check incompatibility resources to verify which drugs will produce very high or very low pH solution
4. Check incompatibility references closely when an additive drug contains an acetate or lactate

Question 38

Contributing factors that affect the compatibility and/or stability of drugs in IV admixtures

Answer 38

1. pH
2. Light
3. Temperature
4. Dilution
5. Buffer Capacity
6. Time
7. Filters
8. Solutions
9. Chemical Complexation
10. Plastics

Question 39

sharps

Answer 39

needles, jagged glass, or metal objects, or any items that might puncture or cut the skin

Question 40

molecular weight

Answer 40

the sum of atomic weights of a molecule

Question 41

waters of hydration

Answer 41

water molecules that attach to drug molecules

Question 42

anhydrous

Answer 42

without water molecules

Question 43

ions

Answer 43

molecular particles that carry electric charges

Question 44

equivalent weight

Answer 44

a drug’s molecular weight divided by its valence, a common measure of electrolyte concentration

Question 45

valence

Answer 45

the number of positive or negative charges on an ion

Question 46

percentage weight per volume

Answer 46

solid = weight (gm) / /100 ml

liquid = volume (ml) /100 ml

Question 47

parenterals: sterile formulations

Answer 47

1. must be sterile
2. free of all visible particulate material
3. pyrogen-free
4. stable for their intended use
5. have a pH around 7.4
6. in most (but not all) cases isotonic