Pharmacy Tech Chapter 11 Terminology

Question 0

pharmocogenetics

Answer 0

a field of study which defines the hereditary basis of individual differences in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (the ADME processes)

Question 1

Human Variability- can significantly alter blood concentration-time profiles and drug efficacy

Answer 1

Age
Gender
Pregnancy
Genetics
Body Weight
Psychological Factors

Question 2

cirrhosis

Answer 2

a chronic and potentially fatal liver disease causing loss of function and increased resistance to blood flow through the liver

Question 3

acute viral hepatitis

Answer 3

an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by viruses; the effects are less than cirrhosis, but long term exposure can progress into chronic disease with same characteristics

Question 4

obstructive jaundice

Answer 4

an obstruction of the bile duct that causes hepatic waste products and bile to accumulate in the liver

Question 5

hypothyroidism

Answer 5

a condition in which thyroid hormone secretions are below normal, often referred to as an underactive thyroid

Question 6

hyperthyroidism

Answer 6

a condition in which thyroid hormone secretions are above normal, often referred to as an overactive thyroid

Question 7

Common Adverse Drug Reactions

Answer 7

Central Nervous System effects
hepatoxicity
hypersensitivity or allergy
gastrointestinal effects
nephrotoxicity
idiosyncrasy
hematological effects
drug dependence
teratogencity
carcinogenicity

Question 8

adverse drug reaction

Answer 8

an unintended side effect of a medication that is negative or in some way injurious to a patient’s health

Question 9

hypersensitivity

Answer 9

an abnormal sensitivity generally resulting in an allergic reaction

Question 10

anaphylactic shock

Answer 10

a potentially fatally hypersensitivity reaction producing severe respiratory distress and cardiovascular collapse

Question 11

idiosyncrasy

Answer 11

an unexpected reaction the first time a drug is taken, generally due to genetic causes

Question 12

carcinogenicity

Answer 12

the ability of a substance to cause cancer

Question 13

enzyme inhibition

Answer 13

the decrease in hepatic enzyme activity that results in reduced metabolism of drugs

Question 14

enzyme induction

Answer 14

the increase in hepatic enzyme activity that results in increased metabolism of drugs

Question 15

additive effects

Answer 15

the summation in effect when two drugs with similar pharmocological actions are taken

Question 16

synergism

Answer 16

when two drugs with similar pharmacological actions produce greater effects than the sum of individual effects

Question 17

potentiation

Answer 17

when one drug with no inherent activity of its own increases the activity of another drug that produces an effect

Question 18

antidote

Answer 18

a drug that antagonizes the toxic effect of another

Question 19

drug-diet interaction

Answer 19

when elements of ingested nutrients interact with a drug and this affects the disposition of the drug

Question 20

DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS during

ABSORPTION

Answer 20

complexation
gastric pH
intestinal metabolism

Question 21

DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS during

DISTRIBUTION

Answer 21

displacement

Question 22

DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS during

METABOLISM

Answer 22

enzyme induction

enzyme inhibition

Question 23

DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS during

EXCRETION

Answer 23

glomerular filtration
renal secretion
urinary reabsorption

Question 24

complexation

Answer 24

when two different molecules associate or attach to each other

Question 25

displacement

Answer 25

a drug that is bound to a plasma protein is removed when another drug of greater binding potential binds to the same protein