Pharmacy Tech Chapter 10 Terminology Flashcards
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receptor
the cellular material located at the site of action that that interacts with the drug
site of action
the location where an administered drug produces an effect
selective (action)
the characteristic of a drug that makes its action specific to certain receptors and tissues
The objective of drug therapy is
to deliver the right drug, in the right concentration, to the right site of action, and at the right time to produce the desired effect
agonists
drugs that activate receptors to accelerate or slow normal cellular function
antagonists
drugs that bind with receptors but do not activate them. They block receptor action by preventing other drugs from activating hem
biopharmaceutics
the study the study of the factors associated with drug products and physiological processes, and the resulting systemic systemic concentrations of drugs
minimum effective concentration
the blood concentration needed for a drug to produce a response
onset of action
the time MEC is reached and the response occurs
therapeutic window
a drug’s blood concentration between MEC and MTC
minimum toxic concentration (MTC)
duration of action
disposition
a term sometimes used to refer to all of the ADME processes together
elimination
the process of metabolism and excretion
ADME
Absorption Distribution Metabolism Excretion also called DISPOSITION
passive diffusion
the movement of drugs from an area of higher concentration to a lower concentration
lipoidal
fat-like substances
hydrophobic
water repelling; cannot associate with water
hydrophilic
capable of associating with or absorbing water
active transport
the movement of drugs from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. Cellular energy is required.
absorption
the movement of a drug from the dosage formulation to the blood
gastric emptying time
the time a drug will stay in the stomach before it is emptied into the small intestine
protein binding
the attachment of a drug molecule to a plasma or tissue protein, effectively making the drug inactive
complexation
when different molecules associate or attach to each other
metabolite
the substance resulting from the body’s transformation of an administered drug
enzyme
a complex protein that catalyzes chemical reactions
enzyme induction
the increase in hepatic enzyme activity that results in greater metabolism of drugs
enzyme inhibition
the decrease in hepatic enzyme activity that results in reduced metabolism of drugs
enterohepatic cycling
the transfer of drugs into their metabolites from the liver to the bile in the gallbladder, then into the intestine, and then back into circulation
first-pass metabolism
the substantial degradation of an orally administered drug caused by enzyme metabolism in the liver before the drug reaches the systemic circulation
nephron
the functional unit of the kidneys
glomerular filtration
the blood filtering process of the nephron
bioavailability
the relative amount of an administered dose that reaches the general circulation and the rate at which this occurs.
bioequivalency
the comparison of bioavailability between two dosage forms
pharmaceutical equivalent
drug products that contain identical amounts of the same active ingredient in the same dosage form
pharmaceutical alternative
drug products that contain the same active ingredient, but not necessarily the same salt form, amount, or dosage form
therapeutic equivalant
pharmaceutical equivalents that produce the same effects in patients
Why do specific cells only respond to certain drugs?
only drugs able to interact with the receptors in a particular site of action can produce effects in that site
