Pharmacy Drugs Flashcards by Chelsea Gage

What does pharmacology mean?

the study of drugs, their preparation, properties, uses and effects.

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Describes the length of time it takes the initial dosage of a drug to be reduced to half its original size or concentration

Half-life

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A measure of the relative safety of a drug. A drug with a high therapeutic index can be administered with less risk than a drug with a low therapeutic index.

Therapeutic Index

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Peak Level

The stage at which the highest concentration of a drug is present in a patient’s bloodstream. (Typically a medication will reach its peak level about 30 to 60 minutes after administration.

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The dosage of a drug that if administered to a patient would be fatal.

Lethal Dose

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Onset of Action

The amount of time it takes for a medication to start working.

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The length of time a particular dosage of a drug will be active in the body

Duration

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Agonist

a class of drugs that activate or stimulates their receptors

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Antagonists

a class of drugs that blocks the access or binding

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Aerosol Spray

A liquid, powder or foam deposited in a thin layer on the skin by air pressure

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Aqueous Solution

One or more drugs dissolved in water

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Aqueous Suspension

One or more drugs finely divided in a liquid such as water

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Capsule

A gelatinous container holding a drug in powder, liquid or oil form

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Elixir

A sweetened and aromatic solution of alcohol used as a vehicle for medicinal agents

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Extract

A concentrated form of a drug made from vegetables or animals

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Gel

A clear or translucent semi-solid that liquefies when applied to the skin

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Lozenge (Troche)

A flat, round or oval preparation that dissolves and releases a drug when held in the mouth

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Ointment

A semi-solid preparation of one or more drugs used for application to the skin and mucous membranes

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Paste

A preparation similar to ointment (but thicker and stiffer) that does not penetrate the skin as well as an ointment

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Pill

One or more drugs mixed with a cohesive material in oval, round or flattened shapes

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Suppository

One or several drugs mixed with a firm base such as gelatine and shaped for insertion into the body; the base dissolves at body temperature, gradually releasing the drug

Syrup

An aqueous solution of sugar often used to disguise the unpleasant taste of some drugs

Tablet

A powdered drug compressed into a hard, small disc; some are readily broken along a scored line; others are enteric coated to prevent them from dissolving in the stomach

Transdermal Patch

A semi-permeable membrane shaped in the form of a disk or patch that contains a drug to be absorbed through the skin over a lengthy period of time

Chemical Names:

These names are used to describe the medication's molecular structure. Chemical names are only used by chemists or scientists.

Generic Names:

These are names that have been assigned to the medication. Generic names are usually an abbreviated version of the chemical name.

Trade Names:

These are the names drug manufacturers assign to their products. Several different trade names may be used to identify a single drug.

There are three different ways to classify drugs

By body system By the action of the agents By the drug’s mechanism of action

pharmacodynamics

the study of how drugs affect living tissues in the body.

Alpha - 1 Receptor

Constriction of blood vessels (reduced blood flow)

Beta - 1 Receptor

Increased heart rate and strength of heart contractions

Beta - 2

Bronchodilation (increased air flow)

What are the effects of Epinephrine

Affects all three receptor classes in the sympathetic nervous system. Binds to alpha 1 receptors: initiates blood vessel constriction, which results in an increase in blood pressure. Binds to beta 1 receptors: initiates an increase in heart rate. Binds to beta 2 receptors: dilates the bronchial passageways, allowing for increased air flow into the lungs.

What drug is used in an epi-pen

Epinephrine

What are the effects of Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA)

Aspirin is the only EMR medication that affects the Central Nervous System by blocking pain signals. Aspirin also has many other effects in the body, including increasing blood flow (blood vessel dilation), and decreasing clotting capability (by blocking aggregation of platelets).

Oral Glucose

Provides a quickly absorbed source of glucose which raises the blood sugar levels. Increases blood sugar for cell metabolism.

5/11 Parenteral route

- IV - IM - Endotracheal (ET) tube in the mouth - Intraosseous (IO) Children/Marrow long bone - Umbilical/IV for new borns

Antihypoglycemics (oral glucose) effects

Reverse hypoglycemia by increasing blood sugar levels

Antihypoglycemics (oral glucose) side effects

Hyperglycemia

Antiplatelets (ASA) effects

Reduce the blood’s ability to clot, which improves survivability during heart attack

Antiplatelets (ASA) side effects

Increased active bleeding.

Bronchodilators effects

Stimulate airways to open by stimulating the sympathetic nervous system

Bronchodilators side effects

Increased heart rate

Vasopressors (Epinephrine) effects

Increase blood pressure by causing body-wide blood vessel constriction and stimulate airways to open

Vasopressors (Epinephrine) side effects

Increased heart workload Blood pressure increased too much Chest pain Cardiac arrhythmia

CPS

Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties

Product monographs including:

all known dosing, origin, warnings, overdose, interactions, contraindications and indications for each drug

MDI

Metered Dose Inhaler

4 Enteral route

``` Oral Nasogastric/orogastric (NG/OG) a tube through the nose Sublingual (SL) below the tongue Buccal between the cheek and gums Rectal ```

6/11 Parenteral route

- Subcutaneous (SC SQ or SubQ) Just bellow the skin - Inhalation/nebulization for puffers - Topical, absorbed through the skin - Transdermal, a continuous release of drugs through the skin ie patch - Nasal - Instillation, Eyes and ears