Pharmacology_Questions_Answers Flashcards
What are the main drug delivery systems?
The main drug delivery systems include oral, parenteral, topical, transdermal, inhalation, and rectal routes.
What is an oral route of drug administration?
It involves administering medication by mouth, usually in tablet, capsule, or liquid form.
What is a parenteral route of administration?
Parenteral administration bypasses the gastrointestinal tract, typically via injection (e.g., IV, IM, SC).
What is topical drug administration?
Topical administration involves applying medication directly to the skin or mucous membranes.
What does transdermal administration mean?
It refers to delivering medication through the skin using patches for systemic effects.
What is the inhalation route of drug administration?
Medication is delivered through the respiratory tract, often using inhalers or nebulizers.
What does rectal administration involve?
It involves inserting medication into the rectum, where it is absorbed by the rectal mucosa.
How are drug classifications organized?
Drugs are classified based on their therapeutic use, mechanism of action, or chemical structure.
What is an example of a cardiovascular drug?
A common example is atenolol, a beta-blocker used to manage hypertension.
How might a prescription for insulin appear in a medical record?
It may include the drug name, dose, frequency, route (subcutaneous), and duration.
What are analgesics used for?
Analgesics are used to relieve pain.
What are antibiotics used for?
Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections.
What are antihistamines used for?
They are used to relieve allergy symptoms.
What are diuretics used for?
Diuretics help eliminate excess fluid from the body, often used for hypertension or heart failure.
What are bronchodilators used for?
Bronchodilators are used to open airways in conditions like asthma and COPD.
What are antacids used for?
Antacids help neutralize stomach acid and relieve heartburn or indigestion.
What are antidepressants used for?
Antidepressants are used to treat depression and other mood disorders.
What are anticoagulants used for?
They are used to prevent blood clots.
What are statins used for?
Statins are used to lower cholesterol levels.
What are corticosteroids used for?
They reduce inflammation and are used in conditions like asthma, arthritis, and allergic reactions.
What is the ‘Right Patient’ in the Six Rights?
It ensures the medication is given to the intended patient by verifying identity.
What is the ‘Right Drug’ in the Six Rights?
It ensures the correct medication is administered as prescribed.
What is the ‘Right Dose’ in the Six Rights?
It ensures the patient receives the exact amount of medication prescribed.
What is the ‘Right Time’ in the Six Rights?
It ensures medication is given at the correct time intervals.
What is the ‘Right Route’ in the Six Rights?
It ensures the drug is administered via the correct method (e.g., oral, IV).
What is the ‘Right Documentation’ in the Six Rights?
It ensures accurate recordkeeping of medication administration.
Why are the Six Rights important in medical documentation?
They help reduce errors and ensure patient safety.
How do the Six Rights reduce billing errors?
Accurate documentation of all six elements prevents incorrect charges and denials.
What common documentation appears in drug claims?
Claims often include drug name, dose, NDC code, quantity, and administration route.
What is an NDC code?
It stands for National Drug Code, a unique identifier for medications in the U.S.
Why is dose documentation important in claims?
Incorrect dosing can lead to claim denials or compliance issues.
What is the significance of route of administration in billing?
Different routes may have different billing codes and reimbursement rates.
What does PRN mean on a medication order?
PRN stands for ‘as needed’, indicating the drug is not scheduled but given when necessary.
How do topical and transdermal routes differ?
Topical acts locally on the skin, while transdermal is absorbed for systemic effects.
What is a common form of oral medication?
Tablets and capsules are the most common forms.
What is a common intravenous drug?
Normal saline or morphine are common IV-administered drugs.
What role does pharmacy play in proper drug administration?
Pharmacists verify prescriptions and ensure proper dosing, interactions, and patient instructions.
How do EHR systems support drug documentation?
They automate medication records, support alerts, and reduce errors.
What is a MAR in medical records?
MAR stands for Medication Administration Record, documenting all given drugs.
What does BID mean in a prescription?
BID means ‘twice a day’.
What does TID mean in a prescription?
TID means ‘three times a day’.
What does QID mean in a prescription?
QID means ‘four times a day’.
What does QHS mean in a prescription?
QHS means ‘every night at bedtime’.
What are enteric-coated tablets?
These tablets have a coating that resists stomach acid to dissolve in the intestine.
Why is the timing of drug administration important?
It affects drug effectiveness, interactions, and patient outcomes.
How are adverse drug reactions documented?
They are recorded in the patient chart and often reported for pharmacovigilance.
What is medication reconciliation?
It is the process of ensuring accurate and complete medication information across transitions of care.
What are controlled substances?
They are drugs regulated due to potential for abuse or addiction.
How are controlled substances documented?
They require detailed tracking, special forms, and secure storage.
