Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Diagnosis And Management > Pharmacology Week 10 > Flashcards

Pharmacology Week 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What are some examples of therapeutic uses for CNS drugs?

A
  • depression
  • migraine
  • anxiety
  • insomnia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are example of drugs used socially that affect the CNS?

A
  • caffeine
  • alcohol
  • nicotine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

endogenous chemicals that transmit signals from a neuron to a target cell across a synapse

A

central neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are some examples of fast point-to-point signaling?

A
  • amino acids: glutamate, aspartate, GABA, glycine

- Ach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some examples of slow regulatory signaling?

A

-neuropeptides
-monoamines
others (histamine 1 receptors, nitric oxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

say whether the amino acid is excitatory or inhibitory:

  • Glutamate:
  • aspartate:
  • GABA:
  • glycine:
A
  • Glutamate: excitatory
  • aspartate: excitatory
  • GABA: inhibitory
  • glycine: inhibitory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

used to render patients unaware of and unresponsive to painful stimulation

A

general anaesthetic agents (GA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some examples of GA…

  • IV:
  • inhaled:
A
  • IV: ketamine, midazolam, propofol

- inhaled: methoxyflurane and nitrous oxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are indications for IV general anesthetics?

A
  • conscious sedation (midazolam, propofol)
  • sedation during ventilation
  • pain relief (ketamine)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

potent IV analgesic

  • dissociative anesthesia (patient appears awake but in unconscious)
  • safer profile
A

ketamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are adverse effects of ketamine?

A
  • raised BP and pulse rate

- increased muscle tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are adverse effects of propofol?

A
  • involuntary movements
  • bradycardia/ hypotension
  • apnea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • IV anaesthetic that is used as first line
  • unconsciousness occurs about 30 sec after injection
  • short half life
A

propofol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are indications for nitrous oxide and hydrocarbons?

A
  • introduction and maintenance of anesthesia

- analgesia (green whistle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

widely used analgesics for moderate to severe pain. act on opiod receptors in the brain and spinal cord to control pain

A

opioid analgesics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do opioid analgesics produce?

A

euphoria, reduce anxiety, promote sleep, inhibit coughing and may be used to treat diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

most important in modulating pain. Its a GPCR receptors that affect the dorsal horn by inhibiting potassium channels and decreasing the messaging going through

A

mu-opioid receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

from a plant, prototype drug, potent analgesic

A

morphine (ordine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

synthetic opioid, very potent

A

fentanyl (durogesic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

more lipid soluble, rapidly crosses BBB (when first used, believed to not be addictive)

A

heroine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

long acting, treatment of narcotic addiction

A

methadone (physeptone)

22
Q

most used strong opioid (outpatients)

A

oxycodone (endone)

23
Q

pro-drug. mild to moderate pain. cough

A

codeine (actacode)

24
Q

indications for opioid analgesics

A
  • acute or chronic pain
  • cough suppression (codeine)
  • diarrhea (codeine)
  • opioid dependence (methadone)
  • opioid adjunct during general anesthesia (fentanyl, morphine)
25
Q

adverse effects of analgesics

A
  • tolerance and physical dependence
  • withdrawal syndrome (dilated pupils, muscle aches, extreme anxiety)
  • constipation
  • nausea
  • dizziness
  • headaches
26
Q

What is used to reverse overdose and decrease GI adverse effects?

A
  • Naloxone (opioid antagonist)

- acupuncture (release endogenous opioids)

27
Q

there is conclusive or substantial evidence that cannabis are effective…..

A
  • for the tx for chronic pain in adults
  • antiemetics in treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting
  • for improving patient reported multiple sclerosis spasticity symptoms
28
Q

plant derived cannabis compound

A

THC

29
Q

explain the difference b/w the 2 CB receptors

A

CB1: mainly localized in the brain (THC)

CB2: mainly in the periphery (in blood) leukocytes

30
Q

CBD name:

was used to treat?

A

cannabidiol (CBD)

-epilepsy

31
Q

neurological drugs

A
  • antiepileptics
  • drugs for Parkinsonism
  • drugs for migraine
  • drugs for alzheimers
  • drugs for stroke
  • drugs for multiple sclerosis
  • drugs for myasthenia gravis
32
Q

psychotropic drugs

A
  • antidepressants
  • antipsychotics
  • drugs for bipolar disorder
  • anxiolytics and hypnotics
  • drugs for ADHD
  • drugs for alcohol, nicotine, and opioid dependence
33
Q

chronic disease in which seizures result from abnormal discharge of cerebral neurons

A

epilepsy

34
Q

anti epileptics mechanism of action

A
  • inhibition of sodium channels
  • enhancement of GABA action
  • inhibition of calcium channels
  • inhibition of the action of glutamate
35
Q

anti epileptics indications

A
  • epilepsy
  • bipolar disorder
  • prevention of migraine
  • neuropatic pain
  • status epilepticus
36
Q

adverse effects of gabapentin (Neurontin)

A
  • drowsiness/dizziness/ataxia
  • tremor, amnesia
  • peripheral edema
  • movement disorders
37
Q

adverse effects of valproate (epilim)

A
  • drowsiness/ataxia
  • tremor
  • paraesthesia
  • increased appetite/ weight gain
38
Q

anti epileptic medications

A
  • gabapentin (Neurontin)
  • valproate (epilim)
  • pregabalin (Lyrica)
  • benzodiazepines
39
Q

adverse effects of pregabalin (Lyrica)

A
  • drowsiness, dizziness, ataxia
  • tremor, impaired balance
  • peripheral edema
  • dysartria
40
Q

progressive degenerative disease of the basal ganglia in CNS causing poverty of movement, rigidity and tremor

A

Parkinsons disease

41
Q

what is the main pathology in parkinsons disease?

A

extensive degeneration of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal tract, associated with DECREASED levels of dopamine

42
Q

examples of Parkinson’s disease drugs

A
  • anticholinergics
  • dopamine agonist
  • levodopa
  • amantadine
  • MAI inhibitors
43
Q

alteration in cerebral blood flow that leads to changes in intracranial pressure, fluctuating levels of serotonin

A

migraine

44
Q

for acute migraines what is the first line treatment?

second line?

A

1: analgesic drugs (NSAIDs and paracetamol), antiemetic drugs
2: triptans

45
Q

constricts cranial vessels by acting selectively at 5HT1 receptors

A

Triptans

46
Q

adverse effects of triptains

A
  • transient paraesthesia
  • drowsiness/ fatigue
  • transient increase in BP
  • weakness
  • myalgia
47
Q

2 or 3 severe attacks of migraines a month would warrant ?

A

migraine prophylaxis

beta blockers, amitriptyline, valproate, botulinum toxin

48
Q

prophylaxis of headaches in adults with chronic migraine

A

botox

49
Q

a form of dementia characterized by profound brain shrinkage, enlarges ventricles and significant change to brain tissue

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

50
Q

What drugs are used to treat Alzheimers disease?

A

anticholinesterases

51
Q

drug that increases acetylcholine effect

A

anticholinesterase

52
Q

what are adverse effects for anticholinesterases?

A
  • vomiting/ nausea/ dyspepsia
  • dizziness
  • myalgia
  • muscle cramps

Diagnosis And Management (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions