Nutrition Week 3-5 Flashcards
To maintain the same weight:
energy in = energy out
What are ISSUES THAT ARISE with maintain the same weight….
- Requires weighing food, and converting to Calories
- Requires knowing one’s energy output (can use estimation table)
- quality of the food eaten
- ratios of macronutrients or food group guidelines
What percentages are roughly used to promote weight loss for protein, carbs, and fats?
protein: 35-50%
carbs: 25-45%
fats: 20-35%
What percentages are roughly used to promote maintenance?
protein: 25-40%
carbs: 35-55%
fats: 25-40%
What percentages are roughly used to promote muscle gain?
protein: 35%
carbs: 45%
fats: 20%
What diets are considered low carb?
- ketogenic
- atkins
- low carb
what diets are considered high carb?
- American
- vegetarian
- ornish
A basic mixed diet: ~60:25:15 what are the ratios?
60 carbs
25 fat
15 protein
based on 10000kJ a day diet consists of ….
-carbs:
0.6 X 10 000 = 6 000 kJ
• 1 g carb has ~17 kJ , so 6 000 kJ exists in 353 g carb
based on 10000kJ a day diet consists of ….
-fat:
Fat: 0.25 X 10 000 = 2 500 kJ
• 1 g fat has ~38 kJ, so 2 500 kJ exists in 66 g fat
based on 10000kJ a day diet consists of ….
-protein: for basic mixed diet
Protein: 0.15 X 10 000 = 1 500 kJ
• 1 g protein has ~ 17 kJ, so 1 500 kJ exists in 88 g protein
What are the 4 basic food groups? In 1956 (BUT WAS CHANGED)
- meats and alternatives
- milk products
- veggies and fruit
- grain products
In 1956 the Four Basic Food Groups were introduced in
Canada and US
Food Pyramid developed by the ________________ in 1972
Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare
When did US adopt food pyramid?
australia?
1992
1980
What are the 2 competing models of government guidelines in Australia?
- Nutrition Australia first introduced the Healthy Eating Pyramid in 1980
- Department of Health: Australian Government Guidelines: pie chart
What is the largest part of the food pie chart?
veggies and fruit
What was a major change to the food pyramid?
bread, rice, cereal switched with fruit and veggies as the base
What was the percentages from the MyPlate initiative by Michelle Obama?
40% veggies 10% fruits 20% proteins 30% grains (small dairy)
The Pyramid controversy focuses attention on the conflict between…
- federal protection of the rights of food lobbyists to act in their own self-interest
- federal responsibility to promote the nutritional health of the public
The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s 1991 withdrawal of its Eating Right Pyramid food
guide began when diet-related health problems in the United States shifted from
nutrient deficiencies to chronic diseases, and dietary advice shifted from ‘eat more’ to ‘eat less.
introduction of the Pyramid in April 1991 led to 2 sides…
- those defending:
- those against:
- mostly medical and scientific groups
- an array of powerful industrial groups
guidelines were introduced in 1977 and 1983, with the ambition of reducing coronary heart disease(CHD) by reducing fat intake, in the Harcombe Z, Baker JS, Cooper SM, et al. paper what was examined and concluded?
- examined the relationship between dietary fat, serum cholesterol and the development of CHD.
- Dietary recommendations implemented in absence of supporting evidence from RCTs. no differences in all-cause mortality and non-significant differences in CHD mortality, resulting from the dietary interventions.
explain risk ratio
If the ratio is near one, there is no difference in outcome .
ex) the probability of the event occurring (e.g. dying from CHD):
– when exposed to a low fat diet versus
– when not exposed to a low fat diet
