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Pharmacology Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two most common types of medical errors?

A
  1. wrong dosage

2. Infusion rate

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2
Q

Name non-crushable types of medication.

A
  1. Enteric coated tablets

2. Sustained-release tablets / extended relief

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3
Q

Can extended release products be crushed?

A

Yes some can if they are scored tablets

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4
Q

Describe sustained release tablets

A

Have multiple layers for 12 - 24 hour release

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5
Q

Enteric Coated Tablets

A

Drug release is delayed until it reaches the small intestines to avoid breakdown from stomach acid

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6
Q

What is the difference between the generic name of a drug and its trade name? give examples

A

The generic name is usually one name and in all lowercase lettering (aspirin), while Trade name is all uppercase and it can have several names. (TYLENOL, Excedrin, Advil)

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7
Q

MAR

A

Medication Administration Record

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8
Q

What are the different type of syringes?

A 
3 ML
5 ML
10 ML
Insulin
Tuberculin (TB)
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9
Q

Insulin syringe is measured in?

A

Units (100Units of insulin per 1 ml)

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10
Q

Diameter of a typical Intramuscular needle?

A

18-23 guage X 1-2 inches long

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11
Q

Diameter of subcutaneous needle?

A

23-27 guage X 1/2 - 5-8 inches long

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12
Q

Diameter of intradermal needle?

A

25-26 guage X 3/8 - 5/6 inches long

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13
Q

Name the parenteral routes of injection

A

IV (intravenous) Most common
IM (Intramuscular
SQ (Subcutaneous) second most common
Intradermal

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14
Q

The average IM dose should never exceed?

A

3 mL

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15
Q

Biologics

A

Drug naturally produced in animal cells, microorganisms or by the body itself

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16
Q

Complementary and alternative drugs

A

Natural plants and herbs

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17
Q

Drug/Medication

A

After a drug is administered, it is then called a Medication

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18
Q

Drug classifications

A

Therapeutic and pharmacologic

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19
Q

Name the stages of the Drug approval process.

A

Stage 1 - Preclinical investigation
Stage 2 - Clinical investigations
Stage 3 - NDA Review of new drug application
Stage 4 - Postmarketing studies

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20
Q

What stage of the drug approval process is most affected by nurses?

A

Stage 4 - They monitor therapeutic effects, adverse reactions, and are aware of recalls

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21
Q

Dr Francis Oldham Kelsey

A

Thalidomide caused birth defects when pregnant women used during pregnancy

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22
Q

What is the difference between an addiction and dependance?

A

Addiction is the URGE (overwhelming feeling) to use a drug while Dependance is the physiological/ psychological NEED for a drug (Withdrawals)

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23
Q

Schedule 1 drugs

A

Most dangerous/ addictive drugs. Have the highest abuse potential.
Not for therapeutic use/ mostly used for research.
Heroin, marijuana
No medical value

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24
Q

Schedule 2 drugs

A

Dangerous/ addictive drugs

require a prescriptions and only in 5 day or more dosages.

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25
Schedule 3 drugs
Moderate to low potential for physical or psychological dependance.
26
Schedule 4 drugs
Low potential for abuse or dependance
27
Schedule 5 drugs
Lowest level of narcotics (cough medicine). | May be dispensed without a prescription.
28
Pregnancy drug classifications
A. controlled studies - probably safe B. no controlled studies - probably safe C. animal studies - no human data- negative affects D. Human fetal risk X. Animal & human studies - fetal abnormalities
29
Routes of administreation
systemic | local- topical
30
What is a systemic administration?
part of the circulatory system concerned with the transportation of oxygen to and carbon dioxide from the body.
31
What are examples of systemic administration ?
Enteral (Swallowedd) | Parenteral
32
Name enteral routes of administrating drugs
Oral Sublingual Buccal
33
Name parenteral routers of administering drugs
``` IV IM SQ intrathecal (spinal) intradermal ```
34
what are examples of topical administration?
``` ophthalmic (eyes) transdermal (skin) rectal vaginal intranasal otic (ears) ```
35
two examples of Enteral administration
(NG) Nasogastric tube | (G) Gastronomy tube
36
3 types of Intravenous administration
``` Large volume infusion (fluids) Intermitten infusion (antibiotics) IV bolus (push) single dose ```
37
The father of American Pharmacology
John Jacob Abel
38
Describe the Biologics Control act of 1902
It standardized serum and blood related products
39
Describe the pure food and drug act of 1906
It established government control of labeling medicines
40
Describe the Shirley amendment of 1912
It prohibited drug labels with false therapeutic claims
41
Describe the food, drug and cosmetic act of 1938
It required thorough testing of drugs and proof of safety and efficacy of drug
42
Describe the dietary supplement health and education act of 1994
It controlled misleading industry claims
43
CDER
Center of Drug evaluation and research. | determines safety and efficacy of drugs
44
CBER
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research *Result: 1986 childhood vaccine act
45
CFSAN
Center of food safety and applied nutrition | * herbal and dietary products
46
What happens during the Preclinical Investigation stage of the drug approval process?
Stage 1: - Laboratory research - Test on cells and animals - Determines drug dose - Examines adverse effects
47
Describe the clinical investigation stage of drug approval
Stage 2: - 3 different stages - Longest part of process - Evaluate human benefits - Test on health humans
48
Describe stage 3 of the drug approval process
Review of New Drug Application: (NDA)
49
Investigational New Drug application (IND)
This application may be submitted during phase I of clinical trials when it is determined it has significant therapeutic benefits and is reasonably safe for initial use in humans.
50
Anaphylaxis
Severe allergic reaction: the massive, systemic release of histamine and other chemical mediators of inflammation that can lear to life threatening shock
51
What are the 5 rights of Drug Administration?
- Right patient - Right medication - Right dose - Right route of administration - Right time of delivery
52
Three checks of drug administration
1. Check drug with MAR when removing it from storage 2. Check drug when preparing it /pouring it 3. Check drug before administering it to patient
53
What are the four most common medication errors?
-errors in patient assessment -errors in prescribing administration errors -distracting environmental factors
54
What does STAT mean in drug administration?
give immediately and only once
55
What does ASAP mean in drug administration?
Available within 30 minutes or written order
56
What does PRN mean in drug administration?
Drug is administered as required by patients condition
57
PM (acronym)
When needed/ necessary
58
Rx (acronym)
take
59
qid (acronym)
four times per day
60
When are central nervous system drugs and antihypertensives best administered?
at bedtime
61
What are the three systems of measurement used in Pharmacology?
Metric Apothecary Household
62
Routes of Drug administration
Enteral Topical Parenteral
63
Enteral Route
By mouth (tablet, capsules, sublingual and buccal) -Via NG tube or G tube
64
ODT's
Orally disintegrating tablets
65
disadvantages of enteral drugs.
difficulty swallowing - can be inactivated by enzymes - First-pass metabolism (inactivation of drug by processing of liver)
66
Topical drugs
designed for its systemic effect
67
Transdermal delivery system
patches, | avoids first-pass effect of liver and enzymes
68
Ophthalmic administration
treats local conditions of the eye
69
Otic administration
treats local conditions of the ear
70
Intradermal and Sub Q administration
avoids the hepatic first-pass effect and digestive enzymes. | -only small volumes administered
71
what are three types of IV administration?
Large volume infusion Intermittent infusion IV bolus (push)
72
Parenteral advantages
bypass firs-pass effect and enzymes

Micro (6 decks)

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