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Micro > Pharmacology Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Pharmacology Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two most common types of medical errors?

A
  1. wrong dosage

2. Infusion rate

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2
Q

Name non-crushable types of medication.

A
  1. Enteric coated tablets

2. Sustained-release tablets / extended relief

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3
Q

Can extended release products be crushed?

A

Yes some can if they are scored tablets

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4
Q

Describe sustained release tablets

A

Have multiple layers for 12 - 24 hour release

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5
Q

Enteric Coated Tablets

A

Drug release is delayed until it reaches the small intestines to avoid breakdown from stomach acid

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6
Q

What is the difference between the generic name of a drug and its trade name? give examples

A

The generic name is usually one name and in all lowercase lettering (aspirin), while Trade name is all uppercase and it can have several names. (TYLENOL, Excedrin, Advil)

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7
Q

MAR

A

Medication Administration Record

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8
Q

What are the different type of syringes?

A 
3 ML
5 ML
10 ML
Insulin
Tuberculin (TB)
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9
Q

Insulin syringe is measured in?

A

Units (100Units of insulin per 1 ml)

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10
Q

Diameter of a typical Intramuscular needle?

A

18-23 guage X 1-2 inches long

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11
Q

Diameter of subcutaneous needle?

A

23-27 guage X 1/2 - 5-8 inches long

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12
Q

Diameter of intradermal needle?

A

25-26 guage X 3/8 - 5/6 inches long

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13
Q

Name the parenteral routes of injection

A

IV (intravenous) Most common
IM (Intramuscular
SQ (Subcutaneous) second most common
Intradermal

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14
Q

The average IM dose should never exceed?

A

3 mL

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15
Q

Biologics

A

Drug naturally produced in animal cells, microorganisms or by the body itself

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16
Q

Complementary and alternative drugs

A

Natural plants and herbs

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17
Q

Drug/Medication

A

After a drug is administered, it is then called a Medication

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18
Q

Drug classifications

A

Therapeutic and pharmacologic

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19
Q

Name the stages of the Drug approval process.

A

Stage 1 - Preclinical investigation
Stage 2 - Clinical investigations
Stage 3 - NDA Review of new drug application
Stage 4 - Postmarketing studies

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20
Q

What stage of the drug approval process is most affected by nurses?

A

Stage 4 - They monitor therapeutic effects, adverse reactions, and are aware of recalls

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21
Q

Dr Francis Oldham Kelsey

A

Thalidomide caused birth defects when pregnant women used during pregnancy

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22
Q

What is the difference between an addiction and dependance?

A

Addiction is the URGE (overwhelming feeling) to use a drug while Dependance is the physiological/ psychological NEED for a drug (Withdrawals)

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23
Q

Schedule 1 drugs

A

Most dangerous/ addictive drugs. Have the highest abuse potential.
Not for therapeutic use/ mostly used for research.
Heroin, marijuana
No medical value

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24
Q

Schedule 2 drugs

A

Dangerous/ addictive drugs

require a prescriptions and only in 5 day or more dosages.

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25
Q

Schedule 3 drugs

A

Moderate to low potential for physical or psychological dependance.

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26
Q

Schedule 4 drugs

A

Low potential for abuse or dependance

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27
Q

Schedule 5 drugs

A

Lowest level of narcotics (cough medicine).

May be dispensed without a prescription.

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28
Q

Pregnancy drug classifications

A

A. controlled studies - probably safe
B. no controlled studies - probably safe
C. animal studies - no human data- negative affects
D. Human fetal risk
X. Animal & human studies - fetal abnormalities

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29
Q

Routes of administreation

A

systemic

local- topical

30
Q

What is a systemic administration?

A

part of the circulatory system concerned with the transportation of oxygen to and carbon dioxide from the body.

31
Q

What are examples of systemic administration ?

A

Enteral (Swallowedd)

Parenteral

32
Q

Name enteral routes of administrating drugs

A

Oral
Sublingual
Buccal

33
Q

Name parenteral routers of administering drugs

A 
IV
IM
SQ
intrathecal (spinal)
intradermal
34
Q

what are examples of topical administration?

A 
ophthalmic (eyes)
transdermal (skin)
rectal 
vaginal
intranasal
otic (ears)
35
Q

two examples of Enteral administration

A

(NG) Nasogastric tube

(G) Gastronomy tube

36
Q

3 types of Intravenous administration

A 
Large volume infusion (fluids)
Intermitten infusion (antibiotics)
IV bolus (push) single dose
37
Q

The father of American Pharmacology

A

John Jacob Abel

38
Q

Describe the Biologics Control act of 1902

A

It standardized serum and blood related products

39
Q

Describe the pure food and drug act of 1906

A

It established government control of labeling medicines

40
Q

Describe the Shirley amendment of 1912

A

It prohibited drug labels with false therapeutic claims

41
Q

Describe the food, drug and cosmetic act of 1938

A

It required thorough testing of drugs and proof of safety and efficacy of drug

42
Q

Describe the dietary supplement health and education act of 1994

A

It controlled misleading industry claims

43
Q

CDER

A

Center of Drug evaluation and research.

determines safety and efficacy of drugs

44
Q

CBER

A

Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research

*Result: 1986 childhood vaccine act

45
Q

CFSAN

A

Center of food safety and applied nutrition

* herbal and dietary products

46
Q

What happens during the Preclinical Investigation stage of the drug approval process?

A

Stage 1:

  • Laboratory research
  • Test on cells and animals
  • Determines drug dose
  • Examines adverse effects
47
Q

Describe the clinical investigation stage of drug approval

A

Stage 2:

  • 3 different stages
  • Longest part of process
  • Evaluate human benefits
  • Test on health humans
48
Q

Describe stage 3 of the drug approval process

A

Review of New Drug Application: (NDA)

49
Q

Investigational New Drug application (IND)

A

This application may be submitted during phase I of clinical trials when it is determined it has significant therapeutic benefits and is reasonably safe for initial use in humans.

50
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

Severe allergic reaction: the massive, systemic release of histamine and other chemical mediators of inflammation that can lear to life threatening shock

51
Q

What are the 5 rights of Drug Administration?

A
  • Right patient
  • Right medication
  • Right dose
  • Right route of administration
  • Right time of delivery
52
Q

Three checks of drug administration

A
  1. Check drug with MAR when removing it from storage
  2. Check drug when preparing it /pouring it
  3. Check drug before administering it to patient
53
Q

What are the four most common medication errors?

A

-errors in patient assessment
-errors in prescribing
administration errors
-distracting environmental factors

54
Q

What does STAT mean in drug administration?

A

give immediately and only once

55
Q

What does ASAP mean in drug administration?

A

Available within 30 minutes or written order

56
Q

What does PRN mean in drug administration?

A

Drug is administered as required by patients condition

57
Q

PM (acronym)

A

When needed/ necessary

58
Q

Rx (acronym)

A

take

59
Q

qid (acronym)

A

four times per day

60
Q

When are central nervous system drugs and antihypertensives best administered?

A

at bedtime

61
Q

What are the three systems of measurement used in Pharmacology?

A

Metric
Apothecary
Household

62
Q

Routes of Drug administration

A

Enteral
Topical
Parenteral

63
Q

Enteral Route

A

By mouth
(tablet, capsules, sublingual and buccal)
-Via NG tube or G tube

64
Q

ODT’s

A

Orally disintegrating tablets

65
Q

disadvantages of enteral drugs.

A

difficulty swallowing

  • can be inactivated by enzymes
  • First-pass metabolism (inactivation of drug by processing of liver)
66
Q

Topical drugs

A

designed for its systemic effect

67
Q

Transdermal delivery system

A

patches,

avoids first-pass effect of liver and enzymes

68
Q

Ophthalmic administration

A

treats local conditions of the eye

69
Q

Otic administration

A

treats local conditions of the ear

70
Q

Intradermal and Sub Q administration

A

avoids the hepatic first-pass effect and digestive enzymes.

-only small volumes administered

71
Q

what are three types of IV administration?

A

Large volume infusion
Intermittent infusion
IV bolus (push)

72
Q

Parenteral advantages

A

bypass firs-pass effect and enzymes

Micro (6 decks)

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